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Anatomy of limbs > Arm > Flashcards

Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three fossae on the humerus and which condyles do they correspond with?

A 
Radial Fossa (capitulum -> radius)
Coronoid fossa (trochlea -> ulna)
Olecranon fossa
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2
Q

What is the largest branch of the brachial artery and what does it run with?

A

Profunda brachii - divides into the medial collateral branch and radial collateral branch
Runs with the radial nerve

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3
Q

What is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve and what does it supply?

A

Passes through coracobrachialis
-Gives motor innervation to anterior compartment of arm
Descends as the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
-Gives sensory innervation to skin on lateral side of forearm

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4
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the radial nerve?

A

Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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5
Q

What are the different joints that make up the elbow joint?

A

Joint between trochlear of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna and head of radius with the capitulum of the humerus - flexion and extension hinge-like movements.
Head of radius and radial notch of ulna- pronation and supination of forearm

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6
Q

What are the different ligaments which make up the elbow joint?

A

Anular ligament of the radius
Radial collateral ligament
Ulna collateral ligament

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7
Q

What are the margins and contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Lateral margin: brachioradialis
Medial margin: Pronator teres
Base: Line between the medial and lateral epicondyles
Contains; tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery (splits into radial and ulna), median nerve

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8
Q

What are the positions of the radial and ulna nerve in relation to the cubital fossa?

A

Radial nerve: lies under the lip of brachioradialis, divides here into superficial and deep branches
Ulna nerve: not part of it, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle

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9
Q

What do the two facets on the radial styloid process articulate with?

A

Scaphoid and lunate carpal bones

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10
Q

What does the ulnar styloid process articulate with?

A

The articular cartilage

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11
Q

What is a colles’ fracture?

A

Fracture and posterior displacement of the distal end of the radius

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12
Q

What are the muscles involved in supination?

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

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13
Q

What are the muscles involved in pronation?

A

Pulls the distal end of the radius over the ulna
Pronator teres and quadratus
Anconeus (abduction of distal end of ulna)

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14
Q

What are the attachments of pronator teres and pronator quadrates:

A

Pronator teres: medial epicondyle of humerus to lateral midshaft surface of radius
Pronator quadratus: Anterior surfaces of distal ends of radius and ulna

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15
Q

Which muscles in the forearm are supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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16
Q

What are the four anterior muscles of the forearm and their origin?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator teres

17
Q

Function of flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Flexion and adduction of the wrist

Flexor carpi radialis: Flexion and abduction of the wrist

18
Q

Function of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes the metacarpopharyngeal joint and proximal inter pharyngeal joint of the hand (+wrist joint)

19
Q

What are the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

20
Q

What is the action of flexor policies longus and its innervation?

A

Flexion of the interpharyngeal and metacarpopharyngeal joint of the thumb
Median nerve innervation

21
Q

What does the radial artery supply in the forearm?

A

Provides blood supply to thumb and lateral side of index finger
Forms superficial palmar branch of the hand

22
Q

What branches arise from the ulnar artery in the forearm?

A

Ulnar recurrent artery
Common interosseous artery (splits into anterior and posterior)
Dorsal carpal branch and palmar carpal branch

23
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment: Flexor carpi radialis, flexor palmares longus, lateral half of flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres
Intermediate compartment: Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep compartment (anterior interosseous nerve): Lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policies longus, pronator quadratus
Palmar branch: thenar muscles and lateral two lumbricals

24
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment: Flexor carpi ulnaris, Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Cutaneous branches: palmar supplies medial half of palm
dorsal branch innervates medial 1 1/2 digits

25
Q

Describe what the deep and superficial branches of the radial nerve supply?

A

Deep: posterior compartment of forearm
Superficial: sensory innervation to the posterolateral aspect of the hand

26
Q

What are the seven superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm and their common origin?

A

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris and anconeus
Common origin: supraepicondylar ridge and lateral epicondyle of humerus

27
Q

What is the function of brachioradialis?

A

Accessory flexor of the elbow joint when the arm is midpronated

28
Q

Which of the posterior compartment of the forearm muscles are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

29
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm and their innervation?

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Extensor indici
Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve
30
Q

What are the two heads of origin of the supinator muscle?

A

Superficial (humeral): lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligament
Deep (ulnar): supinator crest of the ulna

31
Q

What does the common interosseous artery supply?

A

Posterior interosseous artery: extensor muscles of the forearm
Anterior interosseous artery: deep muscles of the flexors of the forearm
They join together to form the dorsal carpal arch of the wrist

32
Q

How does drainage occur in the forearm?

A

Deep to superficial
Venae commitantes drain into the brachial veins in the cubital fossa
Superficial drainage is via the basilic and cephalic veins

33
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Three heads of triceps brachii
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Brachioradialis
The deep branch: posterior muscles of the forearm

Anatomy of limbs (4 decks)

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