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Upper Limb > Arm - Anatomy > Flashcards

Arm - Anatomy Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four components of the upper limb

A

Pectoral Gridle (shoulder)
The arm
The forearm
Hand

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2
Q

What does the pectoral gridle refer to

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Muscles that attach to these bones

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3
Q

Name the four joints of the upper limb

A

Glenohumeral joint
Elbow joint
Proximal and distal radioulnar joint
Radiocarpal joint

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4
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint

A

Shoulder joint

Synovial ball and socket joint

Formed by the articulation between the scapula and proximal humerus

Highly mobile

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5
Q

What is the elbow joint

A

Synovial hinge joint

Formed by articulations of the distal humerus with the ulna and radius

Allows for flexion and extension

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6
Q

What are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

Synovial joints between the radius and ulnar

Allow for pronation and supination

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7
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint

A

Wrist joint

Synovial joint

Formed by the articulations between the distal radius and two carpal bones

Allows for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

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8
Q

Define protraction

A

Anterior movement of the scapula

Reach arm out to push open a door

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9
Q

Define retraction

A

Posterior movement of the scapula

Squaring of the shoulders

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10
Q

What are the possible movements of the scapula

A

Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression and rotation

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11
Q

What are the possible movements of the shoulder joint

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial (internal) rotation, lateral (external) rotation and circumduction

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12
Q

What are the possible movements of the elbow joint

A

Flexion and extension

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13
Q

What are the possible movements of the radioulnar joint

A

Pronation (palm down), supination (palm up)

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14
Q

What are the possible movements of the wrist joint

A

Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

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15
Q

What are the possible movements of the fingers

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

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16
Q

What is the shape of the clavicle

A

S-shaped
Slender

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17
Q

Where and with what does the clavicle articulate

A

Sternum at medial end - sternoclavicular notch

Acromion of the sternum at lateral end - acromioclavicular joint

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18
Q

What is the key purpose of the clavicle

A

Holds the limbs away from the trunk so it can move easily

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19
Q

What is the posterior surface ridge called on the scapula

A

Spine

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20
Q

What does the lateral end of the spine expand to form on the scapula

A

Acromion

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21
Q

What makes up the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Attached muscles

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22
Q

Name the shallow fossa on the lateral aspect of the scapula

A

Glenoid fossa

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23
Q

How is the range of movement increased at the shoulder

A

By the glenoid fossa being shallow and a poor fit for the humerus

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24
Q

What is the small projection superior of the glenoid fossa called

A

Supraglenoid tubercule

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25
What is the small projection inferior of the glenoid fossa called
Infraglenoid tubercule
26
Where is the anatomical neck of the humerus
The groove of the head of the humerus
27
Where is the surgical neck of the humerus
Distal to the tubercules where the bone become narrow and continuous with the shaft
28
Define elevation
Shrugging shoulders
29
Define depression
Lowering the shoulders
30
Define rotation
Tilts the glenoid fossa cranially to aid elevation of the upper limb For every 2 degrees of abduction of the shoulder Scapula rotates 1 degrees
31
What is the key muscle involved in protraction of the scapula
Serratus anterior
32
What are the two large superficial muscles of the posterior pectoral girdle
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi
33
Where does the latissimus dorsi connect
Anterior aspect of the proximal humerus NOT scapula
34
What are the names of the three smaller and deeper muscles of pectoral girdle
Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor
35
Where do the three smaller and deeper muscles of the pectoral girdle attach
Medial border of the scapula to the vertebral column
36
What movement is produced by the trapezius
Movement of scapula Upper part - elevates Middle part - retracts Lower part - depresses Rotates the scapula
37
What movement is produced by the latissimus dorsi
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus
38
What movement is produces by the levator scapulae
Elevates the scapula
39
What movement is produced by the rhomboid major
Retracts the scapula
40
What movement is produced by the rhomboid minor
Retracts the scapula
41
Where does the trapezius attach (origin)
Skull, cervical and thoracic vertebrae
42
Where does the trapezius attach (insertion)
Clavicle and scapula (spine and acromion)
43
Where does the latissimus dorsi attach (origin)
Lower thoracic vertebrae
44
Where does the latissimus dorsi attach (insertion)
Humerus - upper anterior
45
Where does the levator scapulae attach (origin)
Upper cervical vertebrae
46
Where does the levator scapulae attach (insertion)
Scapula - medial border
47
Where does the rhomboid minor attach (origin)
C7 and T1
48
Where does the rhomboid minor attach (insertion)
Scapula - medial border
49
Where does the rhomboid major attach (origin)
Thoracic vertebrae
50
Where does the rhomboid major attach (insertion)
Scapula - medial border
51
What is the trapezius innervated by
11th cranial nerve - accessory nerve (more specifically its spinal root)
52
What is the latissimus dorsi innervated by
Thoracodorsal nerve (branch of the brachial plexus)
53
What are the six muscles which attach the scapula to the humerus
Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres major Teres minor
54
Which muscles part of the six muscles which attach the scapula to the humerus does not lie deep to the posterior scapular muscles (latissimus dorsi and trapezius)
Deltoid
55
What does the rotator cuff provide
Vital stability to the shoulder joint
56
What does the deltoid attach the humerus to
Attaches humerus to lateral part of the clavicle and to the spine of the scapula
57
What movement can the deltoid not initiate
The first 20 degrees of abduction
58
What movements can the deltoid do
Abduction Flexion (anterior fibres) Extension (posterior fibres)
59
What is the deltoid innervated by
Axillary nerve
60
Where does the teres major arise from and attach
Arise from posterior aspect of the scapula Inserts into the anterior aspect of the humerus
61
What movements do the teres major provide
Medial rotation Adduction
62
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
63
Where does the rotator cuff muscles attach
Scapula to the tubercules of the humerus
64
Which muscles of the rotator cuff originate from the posterior surface of the scapula and insert into the greater tubercule
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
65
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Their tendons fuse with what that surrounds the shoulder joint
Fibrous capsule
66
Where is the quadrilateral space
Above - teres minor Below - teres major Medial - long head triceps Lateral - surgical neck of the humerus
67
What travels through the quadrilateral space
Axillary nerve Enters the posterior scapula region and innervate deltoid and teres minor
68
Where does the subscapularis originate
Originate - anterior surface of scapula
69
What is the action of the deltoid at the shoulder joint
Abduction beyond approx. 20 degrees
70
Where is the origin of the deltoid
Spine and acromion (plus clavicle)
71
Where is the insertion on the humerus of the deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity
72
What is the teres major action at the shoulder joint
Medial rotation Adduction
73
Where is the teres major origin at the scapula
Posterior surface, inferior part of the lateral border
74
Where does the teres major insert on the humerus
Anterior humerus
75
What is the action of the supraspinatus at the shoulder joint
First 20 degrees of abduction
76
Where is the origin of the supraspinatus from the scapula
Supraspinous fossa
77
Where is the insertion of the supraspinatus on the humerus
Greater tubercle - superior facet
78
What is the action on the infraspinatus on the shoulder joint
Lateral rotation
79
Where is the origin of the infraspinatus from the scapula
Infraspinatus fossa
80
Where is the insertion on the humerus of the infraspinatus
Greater tubercle - middle facet
81
What is the action of the teres minor at the shoulder joint
Lateral rotation
82
Where is the origin of the teres minor from the scapula
Lateral border
83
Where is the insertion of the teres minor on the humerus
Greater tubercle - inferior facet
84
What is the action of the subscapularis at the shoulder joint
Medial rotation
85
What is the origin of the subscapularis from the scapula
Subscapular fossa
86
What is the insertion of the subscapularis on the humerus
Lesser tubercle
87
Why is the supraspinatus clinically important
Travels from the supraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle it travels under the acromion Tendon can become pinched - impingement
88
How does the rotator cuff provide stability
Contraction holds the head of the humerus in the shallow glenoid Tendons fuse with the capsule of the shoulder joint
89
What is the rim of the fibrocartilage around the margin of the glenoid fossa
Glenoid fossa
90
What is the purpose of the glenoid fossa
Deepens the shallow fossa and aids stability
91
What is the capsule (shoulder) reinforced by
Ligaments
92
What structure which lies in the anterior arm reinforces the shoulder joint
Tendon of bicep brachii

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