Arm and Elbow

Question 1

What space lies between the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus? What will lie there?

Answer 1

It’s the intertubercular sulcus and it holds the long head of the biceps muscle in the groove

Question 2

What part of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius? What articulates with the ulna?

Answer 2

THe capitulum articulates with the radius (radical cap, dude)

The trochlea articulars with the trochlear notch of the ulna (that trophy is the ultimate)

Question 3

What fossa does the coronoid process of the ulna move into during flexion?

How about the head of the radius?

Answer 3

ulna coranoid process = coranoid fossa

radial head = radial foxxa

Question 4

What are the two big bumps on the side of the distal humerus? What types of muscles insert at each?

Answer 4

the lateral and medial epicondyles

lateral: extensors of the arm
medial: flexors of the arm

Question 5

What important groove is located on the posterior surface of the humerus? What goes through it?

Answer 5

the radial groove

the radial nerve and deep brachial vessels

Question 6

What fossa is located on the posterior side of the elbow joint? What goes in it?

Answer 6

The olecranon fossa, which is occupied by the olecranon process of the ulna on extension of the forearm

Question 7

Where will the ulnar nerve be in relation to the elbow?

Answer 7

It’s derived from the medial cord and continues thorugh the arm region passin posteriorly to the medial epicondyle.

Question 8

What is the deep fascia that surrounds the muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the arm?

Answer 8

the brachial faschia

Question 9

The brachial fascia has two inward projections, which are? What do they do?

Answer 9

the lateral and medial intermuscular septae

they extend inward from the brachial fascia to attach to the humerus and then divide the arm into two comparments: and anterior flexor comparmenta nd a posterior extensor compartment

Question 10

What muscle is contained in the posterior (extensor) compartment of the arm?

Answer 10

the triceps

Question 11

How many heads does the triceps have? WHat are they?

Answer 11

3: the long, lateral and medial

Question 12

Where does the long head of the triceps take origin?

Where does the lateral head of the triceps take origin?

How about hte medial head?

Answer 12

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus lateral to the radial groove.

Medial head is located just medial to the radial groove of the posterior humerus

Question 13

Where will the radial nerve be located?

Answer 13

If you cute the lateral head of the triceps diagnonally, you can find the radial nerve in the radial groove with the deep brachial artery

Question 14

How many heads does the biceps brachii have? WHat are they?

Answer 14

2: long and short

Question 15

Where does the long head of the biceps take origin?

How about the short head?

Answer 15

the long head takes origin from the supraglenoid tubercle

the short head takes origin from the coracoid process of the scapula

Question 16

The two biceps muscle bellies join to form what?

Answer 16

a brachial tendon that inserts on the radial tuberosity.

Question 17

THe biceps muscle forms a dense band of connective tisue called the…

Answer 17

bicipital aponeurosis

Question 18

What nerve innervates the biceps?

Answer 18

the musculocutaneous nerve (off the lateral chord)

Question 19

What 3 muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 19

the biceps

the coracobrachialis

brachialis

Question 20

WHat are the insertion locations of the corachobrachialis?

Answer 20

superiorly to the coracoid process

inferiorly on the humerus at its midpoint on the medial side

Question 21

Clinically, what happens when the tendon of the long head of the biceps ruptures?

Answer 21

it occurs with forceful flexion of the arm against excessive resistance

patient will feel a pop in the upper arm and then when they flex, the biceps will pop out - called a “popeye deformity”

especially occurs when someone already has inflammation in the bursae

Question 22

Where does the brachialis take origin and attach?

Answer 22

Origin from the anterior lower one-half of the humerus and attaches distally to the coranoid process and tuberosity of the ulna.

Question 23

After the musculocutaneous nerve exits from the lateral border of the biceps and cotninues into the foreamr, it is called what?

Answer 23

the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm - only a sensory nerve.

Question 24

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 24

it’s a triangular spaced defined by an imaginary line between the epicondyles, the brachioradialis muscle, the pronator teres, and the bicipital aponeuorsis

Question 25

Where does the brachial artery begin?

Answer 25

at the lateral border of the teres major muscle - a continuation of the axillary artery

Question 26

What are the 3 major branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 26

1, deep brachial artery

2. superior ulnar collateral artery
3. Inferior ulnar collateral artery

Question 27

Where does the deep brachial artery go?

Answer 27

it passes posteriorly and accompanies the radial nerve in the radial groove

Question 28

Where does the superior ulnar colateral artery go?

Answer 28

it accompanies the ulnar nerve and passes behind the medial epicondyle

Question 29

where does the inferior ulnar collateral artery?

Answer 29

it supplies the area of the elbow joint and anastomoses with the recurrent branches of the ulnar and radial arteries

Question 30

what nerve does the brachial artery accompany in the arm?

Answer 30

the median nerve

Question 31

What is the bicipital aponeurosis?

Answer 31

It’s an expansion and thickening of the brachial fascie

it goes to the medial size of the prosimal forearm just below elbow.

Contraction of the biceps muscle extends its force of contraction into the forearm fascia

Question 32

In the area of the cubital fossa the brachial artery divides into what two arteries?

Answer 32

the radial and the ulnar arteries

Question 33

After the radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septrum, it lies beneath what muscle?

Answer 33

the brachioradialis

Question 34

The radial nerve divides into what two branches?

Answer 34

the superficial branche and the deep branch

superficial: entirely sensory and lies beneath the brachioradialist to pass distally to the dorsum of the ehand
dee: pierces the supinator muscle to reach the posterior (extensor) comparment of extensor muscles