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Human Anatomy 2 > Arm, Elbow, Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Arm, Elbow, Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin:
1. coracoid process

Insertion:
1. medial humerus

Action:
1. shoulder flexion

innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C7

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2
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin:
1. long head: supraglenoid fossa (through inter-tubercular groove)
2. short head: coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion:
1. radial tuberosity

action:
1. elbow flexion
2. forearm supination (assists)
3. arm flexion (long head)

Innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C6

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3
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin:
1. long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
2. lateral head: posterior humerus superior to radial glove
3. medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove

Insertion:
1. olecranon process of ulna

Action:
1. Elbow extension (all three heads)
2. arm extension (long head)
3. arm adduction (long head)

Innervation:
1.radial nerve C6-C8

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4
Q

Brachialis

A

origin:
1. Anterior humerus (deep to biceps)

Insertion:
1. ulnar tuberosity (just inferior to coronoid process)

Action:
1. elbow flexion

Innervation:
1. musculocutaneous C5,C6

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5
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A
  • comes of lateral cord
  • pierces the Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps brachii C5-C6
  • Coracobrachialis C5-C7
  • Brachialis C5-C6
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6
Q

Radial Nerve

A
  • Posterior cord
  • C7 nerve root for reflex
  • C5-T1
  • triceps bachii
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7
Q

Olecranon Bursa

A
  • Friction or excessive pessure can cause inflammation
  • students elbow is a common cause of irritation
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8
Q

ligaments of the elbow

A
  • Joint capsule
  • Radial Collateral ligament
  • Annular ligament
  • ulnar ligament
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9
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Borders:

  • pronator teres
  • brachioradialis
  • “line” between humeral condyles

Contents:
- Median nerve
- biceps brachii tendon
- Medial cubtial vein
- Brachial artery

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10
Q

Tennis elbow

A
  • lateral epicondylitis
  • swelling/tearing of tendon
  • can be caused by reptitive motions such as the backhand stroke in tennis players
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11
Q

Symptoms of lateral epicondylitis

A
  • pain
  • burning
  • ache on lateral side of forearm and elbow
  • weak grip
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12
Q

Treatment: lateral epicondylitis

A
  • rest and stopping activity that may cause pain
  • ice packs
  • anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling
  • braces/steriod injections
  • strengthening and stretching
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13
Q

Medical imaging at the elbow

A
  • possibel calcifications at the lateral epicondyle
  • MRI can assess severity
  • typically used AP view or lateral view
  • CT can be used to see any calcifications
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14
Q

PT diagnostic tools for tennis elbow

A
  • dynamometer for grip strength
  • patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire
  • Cozen’s test: elbow at 90º of flexion, therapist palpates the lateral epicondyle and puts the patients hand into RD and pronation
  • Mills test
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15
Q

Golfers elbow

A
  • known as medial epicondylitis
  • typically caused by excessive motion or force on the elbow => swinging a golf club or throwing a baseball
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16
Q

Golfers Symptoms

A
  • pain
  • ache
  • burning on ulner side of forearm
17
Q

Golfers elbow: treatment

A
  • ice
  • anti-inflammatory medications
  • strengthening
  • bracing
  • steriod injections
18
Q

how to tell possible calcifications at medial epicondyle

A
  • US
  • CT
  • MRI
19
Q

Golfers Elbow diagnostic tools

A
  • Dynamometer
  • Medial epicondylitis test: simila concept to mills
20
Q

tommy John surgery

A
  • UCL reconstruction
  • tends to be needed for overuse injuries of the ligament
21
Q

Treatment after tommy john surgey

A
  • secured in a brace at around 60-90ºof flexion
  • 1-2 weeks afte will start to move the joint
  • end of month 1 may be able to extend elbow fully
  • for throwing athletes rehab typically takes about a year or more
22
Q

Medical imaging for UCL

A
  • MRI
  • MSK US
23
Q

UCL injury PT Diagnostic tools

A
  • ligamentous valgus instablity test: therapist applies valgus stress at the elbow
  • milking maneuver: patient sits with elbow flexed at 90 and forearm supinated. Therapist grasps thumb unde foerarm and pulls to allow the elbow to undego a valgus stress symptoms that arise such as pain would be a positive sign
24
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • involved the ulnar nerve becoming entrapped in the cubital tunnel
  • can eventually cause ulnar neve subluxation
25
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

5 possible sites for entrapment

A
  • medial intemuscular spetum
  • arcade of struthers
  • medial epicondyle
  • osborne ligament
  • heads of FCU/ECU aponeurosis
26
Q

Cubital tunnel syndome:

Clinical features

A
  • paresthesia
  • numbness
  • pain
  • along the pinky and ulna borde of ring finger
  • benediction sign
  • froment sign
  • wartenberg sign
27
Q

Medical imaging of cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • US: can detect nerve thickening and changes, can see the nerve move with flexion and extension at the elbow
  • MRI: can also dect nerve thickening
  • can detect edema-like changes, atrophy of FCU and FDP muscles
28
Q

Cubtial tunnel diagnostic

A
  • Tinels sign
  • wartenbeg
29
Q

radial nerve entrapment

A
  • uncommon
  • proximal to the elbow can be compressed by overuse, trauma or hematoma
  • typically is compessed just poximal to the supinator muscle in the radial tunnel
30
Q

Radial nerve entrapment at the elbow Symptoms

A
  • mimics lateral epicondylitis
  • tendeness 2-3 cm distal to radial head
31
Q

Medical imaging radial nerve entrapment

A
  • pathology cannot directly be seen through an MRI
  • however can detect muscle edema, atrophy and fatty depostis that can come with the injury
32
Q

Diagnostic tools for radial nerve entrapment

A
  • drop wrist sign
  • thumb lift off
  • hand dynometer
33
Q

Common pain referment causes

A
  • cardiac ischemia/blockage
  • radicular symptoms from herniated disc
  • thoracic outlet syndrome
  • fibromyalgia

Human Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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