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Aromatic Chemistry Flashcards

(10 cards)

1
Q

What are the problems with the kekulé structure?

A
  • Benzene rarely undergoes addition reactions so must be more stable than the kekule structure.
  • The shape of benzene would be irregular due to the difference size of bonds but actually the bonds in benzene have a regular bond length between c=c and c-c.
  • Real benzene is more stable, which is evidenced by the hydrogenation being 152kJmol-1 less than it should be.
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2
Q

How is the electrophile NO2+ produced?

A

H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ —> H₂NO₃⁺ + HSO₄⁻

H₂NO₂⁺ + H₂SO₄ —> NO₂⁺ + H₃O⁺ + HSO₄⁻

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3
Q

What is ethanoyl chloride reacted with to produce the electrophile?

A

AlCl₃

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4
Q

How is acyl chloride produced?

A

React PCl5 with a carboxylic acid

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5
Q

What are uses of aromatic compounds formed from nitration?

A

explosives, dyes.

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6
Q

How can an acyl be produced from a benzene compound?

A

Friedel-crafts acylation –mechanism with acyl electrophile

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7
Q

How is the electrophile for friedel-crafts acylation produced?

A

By reacting an acyl chloride with AlCl3

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8
Q

why is AlCl3 classed as a catalyst in friedel-crafts acylaton?

A

The H+ produced at the end of the mechanism reacts with the extra chlorine, producing AlCl3 and HCl

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9
Q

What mechanism do benzene compounds undergo?

A

electrophilic substitution

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10
Q

How is phenolamine produced from nitrobenzene?

A

Add tin and concentrated HCl with heat, then add NaOH Solution.

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