Aromatic compounds, carbonyls and acids

Question 1

Give examples of halogen carriers and how do they work

Answer 1

Eg AlCl3, AlBr3 or FeCl3
- accept lone pair of electrons from halogen on electrophile and polarisation in molecule increases

Question 2

Describe the reaction of benzene to form nitrobenzene

Answer 2

Electrophilic substitution
50C, HNO3 and H2SO4 catalyst
Generation of NO2+ and catalyst reformed

Question 3

Describe the reaction of benzene to form dinotrobenzene

Answer 3

Electrophilic substitution
70C, HNO3 and H2SO4 catalyst
Generation of NO2+ and reformation of catalyst

Question 4

Describe the reaction of benzene to form halobenzenes

Answer 4

Electrophilic substitution
Halogen in presence of halogen carriers
Formation of electrophile and regeneration of halogen carrier

Question 5

Describe the reaction of benzene to form alkyl benzene

Answer 5

Electrophilic substitution (Friedel crafts reaction - alkylation)
Haloalkane in presence of halogen carrier
Formation of electrophile and regeneration of halogen carrier

Question 6

Describe the reaction of benzene to form aromatic ketone

Answer 6

Electrophilic substitution (Friedel crafts reaction - acylation )
Acyl chloride in presence of halogen carrier
Formation of electrophile and regeneration of the halogen carrier