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NCLEX > Arrhythmias/Chest Tubes/Congenital Heart Defects/Infection Control&Transmission > Flashcards

Arrhythmias/Chest Tubes/Congenital Heart Defects/Infection Control&Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What does “QRS depolarization” going to be effecting?
Atrial or Ventricular?

A

Ventricular Issues

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2
Q

What is “P Waves” going to be effecting?
Atrial or Ventricular?

A

Atrial Issues

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3
Q

What is “supraventricular” going to be effecting?
Atrial or Ventricular?

A

Atrial dysrhythmia issues

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4
Q

What is NO QRS arrythmia going to be?

A

Asystole
NO QRS= NO Cardiac Output= Asystole
*This is Fatal

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5
Q

What are the 2 Lethal Arrythmias?
And 1 Potential Fatal Arrythmia?

A

Fatal Rhythms= Asystole & VFib
–> Body is not being perfused
Potential Fatal Rhythm= VTach

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6
Q

What does does the word Chaotic mean in an Arrhythmia?
What arrhythmias have chaotic rhythms?

A

Chaotic= Fibrillation
Afib & Vfib

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7
Q

What does does the word Bizarre mean in an Arrhythmia?
What arrhythmias have Bizarre rhythms?

A

Bizarre= Tachycardia
vTach & PVC

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Asystole?

A

Epinephrine (1st) & Atropine(2nd)
(Vasopressin), CPR
-No QRS waves= No cardiac output
-It is Fatal

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9
Q

Treatment for Atrial Flutter

A

ABCDs (All Atrial issues)
-Adenosine (fast IV push) then flush IV
-B-blocker
-CCBs
-Digoxin
-Rapid P waves depolarization–> Sawtooth pattern

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10
Q

Treatment for Afib

A

ABCDs
-Adenosine (fast IV push) then flush IV
-B-blocker
-CCBs
-Digoxin
-Chaotic P waves depolarization–> lack pattern
–Chaotic=fib problem

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11
Q

Treatment for vFib

A

Defibrillate 200 joules
–No pattern
-Chaotic QRS depolarization=no cardiac output
*Fatal

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12
Q

Treatment for vTach

A

Lidocaine/amiodarone
–Pattern
-Bizarre wide QRS
Potentially Fatal

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13
Q

Treatment for PVC

A

Lidocaine/amiodarone
-Periodic, wide, bizarre QRS, lo priority
-Only Concerned when:
6+/min, 6+ in a row, Falls off previous T-wave

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14
Q

Describe 3rd Degree Heart Block or Complete Block

A
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15
Q

What are the Ventricular Dysrhythmias (2)?
What is the TX for Ventricular Dysrhythmias?

A

PVC & V-tach (Vfib is under the lethal tx.)
*Tx: Lidocaine & Amiodarone
–> Vtach awake med you must take but Vtach & nap must Zap Zap Zap (Defib)

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16
Q

What are the Atrial Dysrhythmias (3)?
What is the TX for Atrial Dysrhythmias?

A

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT), Atrial Flutter, & aFib
*Tx: ABCD’s (For Atrial use ABCD’s)
-A= Adenosine (Fast IV Push)- impending doom drug tell family/pt.
-B= Beta-Blockers
-C= CCB (-dipine & -zem)
-D= Digoxin & Lanoxin

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17
Q

What are the Lethal Dysrhythmias (2)?
What is the TX for Lethal Dysrhythmias?

A

V-fib & Asystole
*Tx: Defib (In V-fib you Defib) &
Epinephrine (1st) & Atropine (2nd)

18
Q

What should you only be concerned about with a PVC?

A

If….
-6+ PVC per minute
-6+ PVC in a row
-PVC Falls off previous T-Wave

19
Q

Look for the reason & location of why they have a chest tube. What are the two locations of a chest tube?

A

Apical: up High remove AIR
Basilar: down Low remove BLOOD

20
Q

What type of pressure is in the chest (- or +)?

A

Negative pressure, the lungs pulls in air creating a negative pressure

21
Q

What are the four steps when a water seal breaks on a chest tube?

A
  1. Clamp tube
  2. Cut tube from chamber (discard entire system)
  3. Place tubing in sterile water
  4. Unclamp tubing (only clamp tubing for 15 sec.)
22
Q

What are the 3 steps when a chest tube comes out?

A
  1. Cover the hole with a gloved hand
  2. Cover w/ Vaseline gauze dressing
  3. Apply sterile dressing & TAPE ON 3 SIDES
23
Q

When is it bubbling ok when it is in the water sealed chamber?

A

Intermittent bubbling is good in the water sealed chamber
-Continuous bubbling is bad in the water sealed chamber–> indicates a leak must tape up leak

24
Q

When is it bubbling ok when it is in the suction control chamber?

A

Continuous bubbling is good in the suction control chamber
-Intermittent bubbling is bad in the suction control chamber–> indicated suction pressure is to low (must increase suction pressure)

25
Q

Congenital Heart Defects are either ______ or Not _______.

A

Trouble or Not trouble

26
Q

What do all trouble Congenital Heart Defects start with?

A

T
1. tetralogy of Fallot
2. tricuspid arterioles
3. truncus arteriosus
4. transposition of the great arteries
5. tricuspid atresia

27
Q

What direction doe congenital heart defects that are troubled and not troubled flow in?

A

Trouble–> Right to Left (R before L in trouble)
Not Trouble–> Left to Right

28
Q

What congenital heart defects have cyanotic problems? (trouble or not trouble)

A

Trouble
B in trouble for Blue–> Cyanotic

29
Q

All congenital heart defects (CHD) share what (2) side effects?

A
  1. Murmur present via shunting of blood
  2. Require at least 1 Echocardiogram
30
Q

What are the 4 defects of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A
  1. Ventricular septal Defect (VD)
  2. Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)
  3. Overriding Aorta (OA)
  4. Right ventricular Hypertrophy (RH)
    Trick: “VarieD PictureS Of A RancH …. or…..
31
Q

How is Hep. A transmitted?
How does it enter the body?

A

Fecal-Oral
A in Hep A= Anus
–> fecAl-orAl
*Contaminated food/water

32
Q

How is Hep B transmitted?
How does it enter the body?

A

Blood
B in Hep B= Blood
*Unpotected sex, needlesticks, blood transfusions before 1992

33
Q

How is Hep C transmitted?
How does it enter the body?

A

Blood
-drug sharing, unprotected sex, blood products before 1992

34
Q

What are the required PPE for Contact precautions?
Does Contact pt. have private or shared rooms?

A

Gloves
Gown
Hand Hygiene
-Disposable supplies
*Private room preferred, but can have a cohort room of apt. w/ same condition

35
Q

What diagnosis/disease falls under Contact precautions (5)?

A

RSV
Staph
Enteric (INTESTINAL –> caught fecal-oral)
Hepatic
Herpes

36
Q

What are the required PPE for Droplet precautions?
Does Droplet pt. have private or shared rooms?

A

Gloves
Mask
Hand Hygiene
-Pt. must wear a mask if they eave room disposable supplies
*Private room preferred, but can have a cohort room of apt. w/ same condition

37
Q

What diagnosis/disease falls under Droplet precautions (5)?

A

Meningitis
H. Flu–> SE Cause Epiglottitis
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Mumps

38
Q

What diagnosis/disease falls under Airborne precautions (4)?

A

SARS
TB
Measles
Varicella

39
Q

What are the required PPE for Airborne precautions?
Does Airborne pt. have private or shared rooms?

A

Gloves
Mask (specific filter for TB)
-Pt. must wear mask if they leave room
*Private room, negative airflow room w/ door closed

40
Q

What is the order for DONNING PPE?

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask
  3. Goggles
  4. Gloves
    -Reverse ABC order except Mask is always 2nd
41
Q

What is the order for DOFFING PPE?

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Goggles
  3. Gown
  4. Mask
    -ABC order

NCLEX (13 decks)

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