ARRT practice questions

Question 1

Which material to use as primary shielding around beta-emitting radionuclide, such as phosphorus-32?

Answer 1

Plexiglas, bc absorbers w/ larger atomic nuclei produce more Bremsstrahlung radiation than absorbers w/ smaller atomic nuclei

Question 2

Amount of ionizing radiation from natural environment a person receives in U.S. per year

Answer 2

3 millisieverts (mSv)

Question 3

When X-rays strike human body, which may occur?

Answer 3

-Cells may be damaged, leading to cell death or cell repair
-Cells may be damaged, then repaired incorrectly, leading to disease
-X-rays may pass thru body, or bounce off it, without affecting cells

Question 4

Tech receives ionizing radiation exposure of 2uSv sitting 1 meter from X-ray source. If tech moves 3 meters away from source, what would be exposure?

Answer 4

0.22 uSv

Inverse square law.
Distance tripled 1 to 3
3 squared = 9
2 divided by 9 = 0.22

Question 5

Typical pairing of radiation source & dosage

Answer 5

40 millisievert (mSv) for adult patient w/ full body CT scan

Question 6

Iodine-125 is low-energy gamma-emitting isotope used in brachytherapy for certain tumors, such as carcinoma of prostate. Which is most accurate regarding type of hazard this isotope presents?

Answer 6

More dangerous when exposure is internal bc it’s taken up easily by thyroid gland

Question 7

X-rays & gamma rays are absorbed effectively by ____

Answer 7

Lead
Barium sulfate
Depleted uranium

Question 8

Linear no-threshold model (LNT) of radiation biological effects is derived EXCEPT ___

Answer 8

Cells have capability of repairing radiation-induced damage to DNA

Question 9

Which of following materials are effective in shielding against alpha radiation?

Answer 9

Lead aprons
Glass window
Surgical scrubs

Question 10

Radiation dose limit over course of a pregnancy

Answer 10

5 millisieverts (mSv)

Question 11

Amount of energy converted to X-rays when electrical current is supplied to X-ray tube

Answer 11

Approximately 1% of energy converted to X-rays

Question 12

Voltage supplied to X-ray tube

Answer 12

30 to 150 kilovolts (kV)

Question 13

Which of following is true regrading tomography?

Answer 13

Positron emission tomography (PET) makes use of device that detects gamma rays

Question 14

Beam of X-ray photons leaving X-ray tube focus can be described as having a ___ nature

Answer 14

heterogenous – emitted photons have variety of energies

Question 15

Which is functional study to demonstrate degree of AP motion in cervical spine?

Answer 15

Flexion & extension laterals

Question 16

Contraction & expansion of arterial walls w/ forceful contraction & relaxation of heart is called ___

Answer 16

pulse

Question 17

Annual dose limit of student radiographer younger than 18 years

Answer 17

0.1 rem (1mSv)

Question 18

Which can be transmitted via infected blood?

Answer 18

HIV
xx TB
xx lyme disease
xx dengue fever

Question 19

Patient’s feeling of spinning, or room spinning about him

Answer 19

veritgo

Question 20

Principal function of X-ray beam filtration

Answer 20

Reduce patient skin dose
xx - reduce scatter radiation
xx - reduce image noise
xx - reduce operator dose

Question 21

Protective control booth of radiographer is a ___ barrier

Answer 21

secondary

Question 22

Most common site for intravenous injection of contrast agents

Answer 22

antecubital vein

–when antecubital vein is not accessible, then basilic vein is used

Question 23

Apex of heart is formed by the ___

Answer 23

left ventricle

Question 24

To reduce back strain w/ transferring patients from stretcher to X-ray table, you should ____

Answer 24

pull the patient

xx - bend at the waist & pull

Question 25

Dose of 0.25 Gy or 25 rad to fetus during 3rd/4th week of pregnancy is more likely to cause ____

Answer 25

skeletal anomalies (occurs during weeks 1-4) xx - neurologic anomalies (occurs during weeks 5-8)

Question 26

Which pathologic condition requires increase in exposure factors?

Answer 26

ascites xx - obstructed bowel

Question 27

Period of development when fetus is most radiosensitive

Answer 27

first trimester

Question 28

Patient recumbent position w/ head lower than the feet

Answer 28

Trendelenburg position

Question 29

Myelography - contrast medium is injected into the ___

Answer 29

subarachnoid space between 3rd & 4th lumbar vertebrae

Question 30

Best way to control voluntary motion

Answer 30

Patient suspends respiration xx - short exposure time

Question 31

QC program is for ___

Answer 31

Film processors X-ray equipment CT scanners

Question 32

Which factors affect radiation damage to biological tissue?

Answer 32

Radiation quality Absorbed dose Size of irradiated area

Question 33

Involuntary motion caused by ____

Answer 33

Peristalsis Pain Spasm

Question 34

Sources of secondary radiation include:

Answer 34

Leakage radiation Scatter radiation xx - Background radiation xx - Cosmic radiation

Question 35

Which is NOT associated w/ acute abdominal distress? -Extreme diarrhea -Rigid abdomen -Nausea/vomiting -Extreme thirst

Answer 35

Extreme diarrhea

Question 36

Advantages of 35mm cine film vs. 16mm cine film

Answer 36

Larger filming area = higher resolution Recording of more info xx - less expensive

Question 37

What to perform when adult patient experiences cardiac/respiratory arrest?

Answer 37

Call a code & begin CPR xx - assess brachial pulse 1st location: carotid pulse 2nd location: femoral pulse Infants: brachial pulse

Question 38

What part of X-ray tube is negative side & has 2 primary parts: a filament & focusing cup

Answer 38

Cathode

Question 39

Which is true if matrix size increases, yet FOV (field of view) is unchanged?

Answer 39

Pixel size decreases Resolution increases

Question 40

Collimator tests must be made to be accurate within ____

Answer 40

2% of SID

Question 41

Type of crystal used in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry system

Answer 41

Aluminum oxide

Question 42

To demonstrate apophyseal joints of lumbar vertebrae within AP projection, the patient is rotated how many degrees?

Answer 42

45 degrees

Question 43

Increasing kVp of X-ray beam results in photons having ___

Answer 43

shorter wavelength

Question 44

Grid ratio = relationship between height of the lead strip & the ___

Answer 44

distance between the lead strips

Question 45

Bit depth describes ___

Answer 45

grayscale availability

Question 46

Medication route - parenteral

Answer 46

Parenteral routes: intravenous intramuscular intracardiac

Question 47

Normal range for creatinine

Answer 47

0.6 - 1.5 mg/100 mL

Question 48

Syncope

Answer 48

fainting

Question 49

Patient position following syncopal episode & low blood pressure

Answer 49

Sims (aka recovery position)

Question 50

Patient w/ long bone fracture - best method to manipulate affected extremity

Answer 50

Manipulate both ends of extremity simultaneously & in unison

Question 51

Essential lab value must be verified before administering intravenous iodinated contrast media in regards to kidney function

Answer 51

Creatinine

Question 52

Type of manual respirator

Answer 52

Ambu xx - ECMO xx - mechanical ventilator xx - CPAP

Question 53

Patient having CAT scan of head. After injecting contrast, patient complains of nausea & problems breathing. What type of shock?

Answer 53

Anaphylactic

Question 54

Function of housing around X-ray tube

Answer 54

Minimizes radiation leakage

Question 55

Erythema

Answer 55

reddening of irritated skin

Question 56

What position when patient lies flat on back & head is lower than feet?

Answer 56

Trendelenburg

Question 57

Best time to use log rolling method to move patient is when patient may have ___

Answer 57

spinal injury

Question 58

What restricts useful X-ray beams from causing unnecessary exposure?

Answer 58

Collimation

Question 59

Target interaction caused by deceleration of cathode electron

Answer 59

Bremsstrahlung (braking radiation)