Art, Architecture, & Fashion Flashcards by Daniel P

Art school founded by Gropius in Weimar (1919)
Move to Dessau in 1925 & Berlin in 1932
Also a font

BAUHAUS
(Means “building house”)

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German expressionist movement
1911-1914
Included Kandinsky & Klee
Shares name with a Kandinsky painting

THE BLUE RIDER
DER BLAUE REITER

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1913 NYC exhibition
Included Duchamps’ “Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2”
Also included works by Renoir, Kandinsky, & Van Gogh

THE ARMORY SHOW

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English designer
Ran SEX with Vivienne Westwood
Manager of the Sex Pistols

MALCOLM MCLAREN

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German-American designer
Originally worked for his brother’s dry goods store
In San Francisco in 1853, began a denim business for miners

LEVI STRAUSS

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Iranian designer
Had a Michael Jordan cologne

BIJAN

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Finnish-American architect
Designed:
St. Louis’ Gateway Arch
Washington Dulles International Airport
The TWA Center at JFK
U.S. embassies in London & Oslo
The Tulip Chair
The Womb Chair

EERO SAARINEN

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Finnish architect
Designed Helsinki’s railway station
Came 2nd in the Tribune Tower design contest
Father of another famed architect

ELIEL SAARINEN

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Fashion designer
35 Oscar nominations, 8 wins (most for any woman)
Worked on The Sting
Designed Dorothy Lamour’s famous sarong

EDITH HEAD

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“One-named” American designer of the 1970s
Designed Jackie Kennedy’s inauguration pillbox hat

(ROY) HALSTON (FROWICK)

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Brooklyn-born designer
Released a line with Target
Project Runway All-Stars judge

ISAAC MIZRAHI

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British designer
Worked with Malcolm McLaren on SEX

VIVIENNE WESTWOOD

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Brazilian architect
Designed many of Brasilia’s public buildings
Collaborated on the U.N. HQ in NYC

OSCAR NIEMEYER

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German-American architect
Founded the Bauhaus school in 1919
Taught architecture at Harvard (1937-1952)
Alma Schindler’s 2nd spouse

WALTER GROPIUS

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American architect
Helped develop “parkways”
Designed:
Central Park, with Calvert Vaux in 1857
Brooklyn’s Prospect Park
Stanford campus

FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED

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Spanish portraitist
1600s
Had Philip IV for his patron, whom he painted much
Also painted the Infanta Margarita & Pope Innocent X

DIEGO VELAZQUEZ

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Diego Velazquez’s most famous painting
“The Ladies-in-Waiting”
Includes himself painting in the image

LAS MENINAS

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French sculptor
Designed Statue of Liberty (structure created by Eiffel)
Also designed the Lafayette statue in Union Square

FREDERIC AUGUSTE BARTHOLDI

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Swiss-German abstract painter
Said “A line is a dot that went for a walk”

PAUL KLEE

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American photographer of “freaks”, “weirdos”, and the marginalized
Nee Nemerov
Committed suicide
Portrayed by Nicole Kidman in “Fur” (2006)

DIANE ARBUS

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French painter & inventor
Invented a “type” of photographic process using silver & iodine

LOUIS DAGUERRE
(DAGUERROTYPE)

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American fashion photographer
Worked for Vogue
Took the photos for “Observations”, with commentary by Truman Capote

RICHARD AVEDON

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American landscape photographer
Shot in black and white
Worked in California, particularly Yosemite National Park (where there is now a mountain named for him)
Director of the Sierra Club

ANSEL ADAMS

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American photographer
Shot “Migrant Mother”
Documented Oklahoman migrants in the Depression/Dustbowl

DOROTHEA LANGE

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American photographer Dadaist Worked in Paris

MAN RAY EMMANUEL RADNITZKY

American photographer Ran 291 gallery Spouse of Georgia O'keeffe

ALFRED STIEGLITZ

American photographer Worked for Life Magazine Shot "V-J Day in Times Square"

ALFRED EISENSTAEDT

American photographer Shoots weimeraners

WILLIAM WEGMAN

American photographer & photojournalist Took Life Magazine's first cover photo (Fort Peck Dam) Interviewed Gandhi Married writer Erskine Caldwell

MARGARET BOURKE-WHITE

American photographer Took portraits of celebrities Worked for Rolling Stone, and later Vanity Fair Shot Yoko & naked John, Demi Moore's pregnant nudes, the cover of Springsteen's "Born in the USA"

ANNIE LIEBOVITZ

American photographer Shot the cover of Patti Smith's "Horses" Worked with nudes His photos caused Congress to put restrictions on NEA funding A Cincinnati museum showing his work faced obscenity charges Died of complications from HIV/AIDS

ROBERT MAPPLETHORPE

American photographer Documented the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, and almost every president between J.Q. Adams & McKinley Shot daguerreotypes Studied under Samuel Morse

MATHEW BRADY

Pop artist Used subjects like Campbell's, Brillo, Coke, Marilyn Monroe, Mao Used techniques like silkscreen and repetition Founded "Interview" magazine, aka the "crystal ball of pop"

ANDY WARHOL

Pop artist Born in Pittsburgh, PA (where there is now a bridge & museum named for him) Called his NYC studio "The Factory" Shot (non-fatally) by Valerie Solanas in 1968

ANDY WARHOL

Pop artist Works include: 8-hour film of Empire State Building The Velvet Underground & Nico cover (banana) The Rolling Stones' Sticky Fingers cover (with zipper)

ANDY WARHOL

American pop artist Born in Augusta, Georgia Used Americana imagery, especially the U.S. flag Famous works include "Three Flags" Due to timing, many of his works have 48 stars on the flags

JASPER JOHNS

Painted Washington (& the next 5 presidents) Nicknamed the "father of American portraiture" Painted the unfinished "Athenaeum Portrait" of Washington, used on the $1 bill & the seal of Washington State Painted a full length Washington that was saved by Dolley Madison in 1812, which was hung in the East Room

GILBERT STUART

American sculptor & illustrator Depicted cowboys & native Americans, horses, cavalry, and the Wild West in general Had a personal relationship with Teddy Roosevelt Created "The Bronco Buster" in bronze, "Coming Through the Rye" Did illustrations for Owen Wister

FREDERICK REMINGTON

Flemish Renaissance painter (~1560s) Patriarch of an art family Nicknamed "Peasant" Painted "Peasant Wedding", "Tower of Babel", "Beggars", "Landscape With the Fall of Icarus" (which inspired a W.H. Auden poem) Inspired a William Carlos Williams poem

PIETER BRUEGEL (THE ELDER)

Flemish painter Son & brother of famed painters Nicknamed "Hell" for his dark subject matter

PIETER BRUEGHEL (THE YOUNGER)

Flemish painter Son & brother of famed painters Nicknamed "Velvet" for his flowers and soft subjects

JAN BRUEGHEL (THE ELDER)

American folk artist From Bucks County, Pennsylvania Quaker minister Painted "The Peaceable Kingdom", "Noah's Ark"

EDWARD HICKS

Illustrator of the Uncle Sam "I Want You" poster

JAMES MONTGOMERY FLAGG

American artist who co-created Batman

BOB KANE

Group depicting gritty daily life in turn-of-the-century New York City Also known as "The 8"

THE ASHCAN SCHOOL

American artist "The Migration" series (depicting the Great Migration) "Toussaint L'Ouverture" series (depicting the Haitian general)

JACOB LAWRENCE

American folk artist Born Anna Mary Robertson From Hoosick Falls, New York Previously a farmer's wife Started painting in her late 70s when arthritis made embroidery difficult Had her first solo show at 80 Died at 101 Painted "The Old Oaken Bucket", "Over the River to Grandma's House"

GRANDMA MOSES

American sculptor, patron, and art collector Founded namesake Manhattan "Museum of American Art", which performs a biennial survey of U.S. art Titanic Memorial in Washington, D.C.

GERTRUDE VANDERBILT WHITNEY (THE WHITNEY MUSEUM)

American cartoonist Created/developed characters like Bugs Bunny for WB's Looney Tunes

TAX AVERY

American pop artist Worked with typography Created the LOVE statue Named for his home state

ROBERT INDIANA

American comic strip artist Created "Miss Peach", about a teacher, and "Momma", about a mother named Hobbs

MELL LAZARUS

Archibald Willard's painting depicting 2 drummers and a fifer Painted for the U.S. centennial in 1876 Now hangs in Marblehead, Massachusetts' Abbott Hall Previously called "Yankee Doodle"

THE SPIRIT OF '76

"3-named" American portraitist Expat who lived in Paris & London Painted portraits of the wealthy & elite Created the controversial "Portrait of Madame X"

JOHN SINGER SARGENT

American painter Lived in Chadds Ford, PA and Cushing, ME Father N.C. was an illustrator Siblings Henriette & Carolyn Son Jamie "Christina's World" (Tempera, 1948) Painted over 200 paintings of PA neighbour Helga (Testorf)

ANDREW WYETH

American pop artist Inspired by comic strips Created "Whaam!", "Look Mickey", & "Drowning Girl"

ROY LICHTENSTEIN

American feminist artist Name chosen from her birth city Created "The Dinner Party"

JUDY CHICAGO

American abstract expressionist Born in Wyoming Nicknamed "The Dripper" Married artist Lee Krasner Used "action painting" and "drip painting" Created "Lavender Mist" & "Autumn Rhythm" Student of Thomas Hart Benton Had his first solo show at Peggy Guggenheim's Played by Ed Harris on film (2000)

JACKSON POLLOCK

American artist "Arrangement in Grey & Black" (aka "____'s Mother") "Arrangement [...] no. 2" (depicting Thomas Carlyle) "Nocturne in Black & Gold" Moved to England Often used musical titles

JAMES WHISTLER

American artist Lived in Stockbridge, MA & Arlington, VT "Four Freedoms" "Willie Gillis" series Covers for the Saturday Evening Post

NORMAN ROCKWELL

American muralist From Missouri Great-grandnephew of same-named senator from Missouri Taught Jackson Pollock Painted Missouri's State Capitol and the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library

THOMAS HART BENTON

American artist Lived in New Mexico Painted flowers, bones, & landscapes Married photographer Alfred Stieglitz

GEORGIA O'KEEFFE

Iowan regionalist artist "American Gothic" (1930), which is currently in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago

GRANT WOOD

American artist Lived in Prouts Neck, ME Painted seascapes such as "Fog Warning"

WINSLOW HOMER

American impressionist Painted "The Cup of Tea" & "The Boating Party" Painted mothers & children often, though childless Moved to Paris, was friends with Degas

MARY STEVENSON CASSATT

American artist Painted "Nighthawks", "Hotel Window", "Office At Night"

EDWARD HOPPER

Dutch-American abstract expressionist Born in Rotterdam Used "action painting" Married artist Elaine

WILLEM DE KOONING

American sports artist Bright & colourful expressionist style

LEROY NEIMAN

American artist & graffiti artist from New York Haitian father Played by Jeffrey Wright in Schnabel's film

JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT

American artist Called himself "Painter of Light" (and trademarked it) Commercially successful but widely criticized as "kitsch"

THOMAS KINKADE (III)

American sculptor Created "mobiles" (term coined by Duchamp) & "stabiles" (stationary sculptures) "Mercury Fountain" "Josephine Baker" (in wire)

ALEXANDER CALDER

American muralist & graffiti artist Painted in New York subways Died of AIDS

KEITH HARING

American artist & naturalist (1785-1851) Published "Birds of North America", book of 435 prints with an "Ornithological Biography" companion text Has a New Orleans Zoo & Park named for him Namesake of a "Society" founded in 1905 for bird conservation

JOHN JAMES AUDUBON

American glass artist Blind in one eye Created "Float Boat" Born in Washington state

DALE CHIHULY

Madrid museum Opened 1819, "Royal Museum of Paintings and Sculptures" Large Velazquez collection, plus Goyas & El Grecos

(MUSEO NACIONAL DE) PRADO

Founded by granddaughters of Peter Smithsonian design museum

COOPER HEWITT (SMITHSONIAN DESIGN MUSEUM)

Located on Michigan Ave. Home of American Gothic, La Grande Jatte, Nighthawks Gene Siskel Film Center

ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO

Prize for architecture since 1979, named for Chicago family $100,000 & a medal based on designs of Louis Sullivan & the motto of Vitruvius

PRITZKER PRIZE

Itlian archtect Designed many buildings in Florence Designed the "Duomo" (cathedral) in 1420 Developed linear perspective

FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI

Russian painter "Blue Rider" (1903) "Yellow Red Blue" (1925) Moved to Germany, part of "Blaue Reiter" movement Eventually joined Bauhaus Abstract pioneer

WASSILY KANDINSKY

"Father of the Skyscraper" Chicago School architect Mentor of F. L. Wright "Form ever follows function" Designs used on Pritzker medal

LOUIS SULLIVAN

French post-impressionist "Bathers at Asnieres"

GEORGES SEURAT

Georges Seurat's famously painstaking style

POINTILLISM

Location of Georges Seurat's "Sunday Afternoon" (1886)

ON THE ISLAND OF LA GRANDE JATTE

Baroque sculptor & architect of Rome & the Vatican 1598 - 1680 Worked on St. Peter's "Triton Fountain"

GIAN LORENZO BERNINI

Bernini's fountain representing the Nile, Ganges, Danube, & Plata

FOUR RIVERS

Subject of Bernini's "Ecstasy of St. ____"

TERESA (of Avila)

Sculptor of: Medusa bust David (not that one) Richelieu bust Apollo & Daphne Louis XIV

GIAN LORENZO BERNINI

Short dress adapted from missionary clothing From the Hawaiian for "cut off"

MUUMUU

Kind of hairnet Also the protuberance above a turkey's beak

SNOOD

Flower worn on wrist or pinned to dress Often a cattleya orchid

CORSAGE

Flower worn on lapel Often a carnation From the French, "Buttonhole"

BOUTONNIERE

Undergarment for skirts, such as a crinoline

PETTICOAT

Hoop skirt petticoat, or its horse hair material

CRINOLINE

Weave of alternating Vs in a zigzag Used in suits and parquet floors "Fishy"

HERRINGBONE

Jumpsuit with short sleeves and legs

ROMPER

French, "nape" A knot or bun tied at the back of the neck/head

CHIGNON

British photographer Roger Fenton, one of the first war photographers, covered this conflict of 1854

CRIMEAN WAR

American photographer Died in 2002 Friend of Richard Gere Did music videos for Madonna & Michael Jackson "Leafy" name

HERB RITTS

Robert Capa took a famous photo of a "Falling Soldier" or "Dying Loyalist" in this war

SPANISH CIVIL WAR

Antony Armstrong-Jones, the first Earl of this, was a photographer who married Princess Margaret in 1960 (& divorced her in 1978)

(Earl of) SNOWDON

Aquarelle is a form of this "wet" painting

WATERCOLOUR

Plywood & leather chairs Designed 1956 by Charles & Ray

EAMES (LOUNGE) CHAIR (& OTTOMAN)

From Latin/Greek for "cuttlefish" A brown ink that comes from cuttlefish Indicates aging in photographs (& modern filters)

SEPIA

Canadian-born American architect based in LA Guggenheim Bilbao (Spain) "Dancing House"/"Fred & Ginger" (Nationale-Nederlanden building, Prague) Disney Concert Hall (LA) "Easy Edges" cardboard furniture

FRANK GEHRY

English pop artist Painted pools of California "Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool" "A Bigger Splash"

DAVID HOCKNEY

1960s high boots Worn by Nancy Sinatra Share name with a kind of dance & club

GO-GO BOOTS

Necktie From the French for "Croatian"

CRAVAT

Neck scarf Named for a British racetrack

ASCOT

Object that secures a tie or an ascot

STICKPIN

Jacket named for an Indian PM Favored by the Beatles

NEHRU JACKET

16th century Italian style Means "stylized" - unnatural proportions, e.g. long necks Tintoretto "Mind your..."

MANNERISM

1200s Italian sculptor Pulpit of Pisa

NICOLA PISANO

Italian for "bell tower" e.g. St. Mark's in Venice, Tower of Pisa

CAMPANILE

The X-chair/scissor chair is also named for Dante, or this friar of Florence

SAVONAROLA

Iraq-born British architect 1st woman to receive Pritzker (2004) 1st woman to design a U.S. museum (cultural center in Cincinnati) London Aquatics Center (2012 Olympics) Guangzhou Opera House Died 2016

ZAHA HADID

This Italian tire company puts out a yearly calendar of glamour photography also called "The Cal"

PIRELLI

1775-1851 British romantic landscape painter "Snow Storm: Hannibal & His Army Crossing the Alps" (1812) "Grand Canal, Venice" "Rain, Steam, & Speed - the Great Western Railway" (1844) Namesake of a Tate prize

J(OSEPH) M(ALLORD) W(ILLIAM) TURNER