Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) Flashcards Preview

Mark Klimek NCLEX REVIEW (Knowledge of Principles) > Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) Deck (37)
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1
Q

What is the main goal of an ABG?

A

To identify if it’s an acidosis or alkalosis

2
Q

Rules of the B’s

A

If pH and BICARB are BOTH in the same direction then it is METABOLIC

3
Q

Normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

4
Q

Normal BICARB

A

22-26

5
Q

Normal CO2

A

35-45

6
Q

If pH and BICARB are in different direction

A

RESPIRATORY

7
Q

Example: low ph, low bicarb

A

Metabolic acidosis

8
Q

Ex : high ph, high bicarb

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

9
Q

Ex: low ph, high bicarb

A

Respiratory acidosis

10
Q

Ex: pH= 7.50, bicarb= 25

A

Respiratory alkalosis

11
Q

Basic principle of knowing the signs and symptoms for acidosis and alkalosis

A

As the pH goes, so goes my patient ( meaning, when pH is high, the s/s of patient is on hyper. When pH is low, the s/s of patient slowly shuts down)

12
Q

Example of low signs and symptoms during acidosis

A
Hyporeflexia
Bradycardia 
Bradypnea
Lethargy 
Obtunded (1 step lower than lethargic) 
Coma
Paralytic ileus
13
Q

Examples of high signs and symptoms during alkalosis

A
Irritability 
Hyperreflexia
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Borborygmi (increased bowel sounds)
Seizure
Spasm
14
Q

Medical term for increased bowel sounds

A

Borborygmi

15
Q

Acidosis leads to?

A

Respiratory arrest

16
Q

When in respiratory arrest, what needs to be at the bedside?

A

Ambu bag

17
Q

Alkalosis leads to

A

Seizure

18
Q

When in risk of seizure during the phase of alkalosis, what needs to be at the beside?

A

Suction machine

19
Q

ABG analysis for Kussmaul Breathing

A

Metabolic acidosis ( remember: MacKussmaul)

20
Q

ABG reading: Client over ventilating

A

Respiratory alkalosis

21
Q

ABG reading: Client under ventilating

A

Respiratory acidosis

22
Q

What is most concerning when identifying respiratory acidosis or alkalosis( under or over ventilating) , is it the Respiratory rate? Or O2 saturation (SaO2)?

A

SaO2

23
Q

Ex: patient is overusing breathing techniques during labor

A

Respiratory alkalosis (over ventilating )

24
Q

Ex: near drowning

A

Respiratory acacidosis ( under ventilating)

25
Q

Ex: emphysema, air trapping

A

Respiratory acidosis ( under ventilating)

26
Q

Ex: PCA pump

A

Respiratory acidosis (under ventilating, respiaratory depression )

27
Q

ABG reading: Patient who has prolonged gastric vomiting and suctioning

A

Metabolic alkalosis

28
Q

ABG Reading: hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Metabolic alkalosis

29
Q

ABG Reading: dehydration

A

Metabolic acidosis

30
Q

ABG Reading: acute renal failure

A

Metabolic acidosis (why? Because it’s not long, not vomiting, not suctioning )

31
Q

ABG Reading: 3rd degree burn, 60% body, 1st phase

A

Metabolic acidosis

32
Q

Compensation: all levels or values are out of range

A

Partially Compensated

33
Q

Compensation: if the pH is out of range and only one of the other values is out of range

A

Uncompensated

34
Q

Remember:

For the rest, if you dont know what if is

A

Metabolic acidosis

35
Q

Hyporeflexia Finding

A

0, +1

36
Q

Normoreflexia finding

A

+2

37
Q

Hyperreflexia Finding

A

+3, +4