arterial regulation Flashcards
(28 cards)
on a basic level, arterial pressure is regulated by __________ and _________
cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
baroreceptors are ______ that are located in the walls of carotid sinus and aortic ____ and transduce pressure to nervous __________ that are transmitted to the CNS
mechanoreceptors
arch
action potentials
baroreceptors are sensitive to the rate of pressure ______ and changes in ______
change
pressure
nerve impulses from baroreceptor stimulation are carried via cranial ____ and ____ to the medulla and ____
IX and X
medulla and pons
chemoreceptors in the _____ react to 02, c02, and ____ in blood and _____ to modify autonomic outflow
CNS
pH
CSF
the slower component of blood pressure control regulates ______________, which affects arterial pressure (hours to days)
blood volume
the faster component (not as fast as autonomics) is mediated through _______ induced vasoconstriction
hormone
decrease in arterial pressure causes a decrease in ______________ in the kidneys. Mechanoreceptors in ________ arterioles of kidney sense the decrease in arterial pressure, and __________ cells convert _______ to rennin
renal profusion
afferent
juxtaglomerular
prorennin
angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by _____ primarily in the ______ and the kidney
ACE
lungs
angiotensin II acts on the ________ to stimulate the release of ________
adrenal cortex
aldosterone
aldosterone acts on distal renal tubule cells to promote _______ absorption of ______, increasing blood volume
increased absorption of NA
angiotensin II also acts as a direct ___________, increasing blood pressure and ______
vasoconstrictor
TPR
angiotensin II preferentailly constricts _______ arterioles
efferent
angiotensin II stimulates Na - ____ exchange in renal proximal tubule, increasing Na/HC03 reabsoroption
H+
volume overload is an example of maladaptive responses of the _________
RAAS
in volume overload: in systolic heart failure with low cardiac output, the kidneys sense decreased blood flow, which activates the _______. This causes an ____ in BP and increased _____, which aggravates the heart failure
RAAS
increase
total peripheral resistance
in cirrhosis of the liver with low serum albumin, inappropriate ________ secretion contributes to the development of _______
aldosterone
ascites
ADH is secreted from the ________ and promotes renal water reabsorption _____ receptors
pituitary
V1
secretion of ________ results in stimulation of ______ receptors in arterial smooth muscle, which cause vasoconstriction of arterioles
ADH
V2
ANP _____ renal Na RE-absorption. Also mediates vasodilation of afferent renal arterioles, ______ of efferent arterioles, which ______ GF
inhibit
constriction, which increases glomerular filtration
baroreceptor stimulation to increase BP will constrict arterioles and veins, increase _________ of the heart, and increase _______
contractility
SA node
orthostatic hypotension may indicate ______ volume and autonomic function
blood
too much hydrogen will cause an increase in _________ _________
minute ventilation
an aldosterone secreting adrenal tumor may cause ________ and hypertension
hypokalemia
