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Human Biology 116 > Arteries > Flashcards

Arteries Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the right common cartoid artery?

And what is it?

A

L1

The Common Carotid artery is a large elastic artery which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck

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2
Q

Where is the brachiocephalic artery?

And what is its function?

A

L3

artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

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3
Q

Where is the right subclavian a?

And what is its function?

A

L2

The right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm, with some branches supplying the head and thorax.

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4
Q

Where is the superior vena cava?

What is its function?

A

L4

The superior vena cava is one of the two main veins bringing de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Veins from the head and upper body feed into the superior vena cava, which empties into the right atrium of the heart.

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5
Q

Where is the right atrium?

What is the function of the right atrium?

A

L5

The right atrium is the first chamber of the heart to receive deoxygenated and carbon dioxide-rich systemic blood from the body

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6
Q

What does deoxygenated blood mean?

A

Deoxygenated is defined as oxygen has been removed. An example of deoxygenated is when oxygen has been removed from blood or water.

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7
Q

Where are the lobes of the liver?

What is the function of the liver?

A

L7&8

The liver regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile. This helps carry away waste products from the liver. All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver.

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8
Q

Where is the right ventricle?

What is its function?

A

L6

The right ventricle is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.

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9
Q

Where is the gall bladder?

What is its function?

A

L9

It stores bile, the liquid produced by the liver to help break down fats that you eat.

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10
Q

Where is the Cystic duct?

What is its function?

A

L10

A tube that carries bile from the gall bladder. It joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.

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11
Q

Where is the duodenum?

What is its function?

A

L11

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, It’s largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process.

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12
Q

Where is the Ascending colon?

What is its function?

A

L12

to absorb the remaining water and other key nutrients from the indigestible material, solidifying it to form stool. The descending colon stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum.

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13
Q

Where is the Mesentery?

What is its function?

A

L13

The mesentery attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall, and also helps storing the fat and allows the blood and lymph vessels, as well as the nerves, to supply the intestines.

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14
Q

Where is the cecum?

What is its function?

A

L15

The main functions of the cecum are to absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption and to mix its contents with a lubricating substance, mucus.

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15
Q

Where is the vermiform appendix?

What is its function?

A

L16

The function of the vermiform appendix in the human body is not fully established yet. Scientists believe that it is a vestigial remnant, that is, it was once useful to humans in the digestion of food, but as we have evolved, it has lost its function and become redundant

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16
Q

Where is the Common iliac artery?

What is its function?

A

L17

The common iliac arteries provide the primary blood supply to the lower limbs

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17
Q

Where is the Ovary?

What is its function?

A

L18

Ovaries make eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormones help girls develop, and make it possible for a woman to have a baby.

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18
Q

Where is the Uterine tube?

What is its function?

A

L19

The primary function of the uterine tubes is to transport sperm toward the egg, which is released by the ovary, and to then allow passage of the fertilized egg back to the uterus for implantation.

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19
Q

Where is the Femoral artery?

What is its function?

A

L20

The femoral artery is one of the major arteries in the human body. It extends from the iliac artery near the abdomen down to the legs. The primary function of this artery is to supply blood to the lower section of the body.

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20
Q

Where is the femoral vein?

What is its function?

A

L21

it carries blood back to the heart from the lower extremities.

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21
Q

Where is the adductor longus muscle?

What is its function?

A

L22

The primary function of the is muscle group is to adduct the thigh at the hip joint. The muscles in this compartment are believed to be evolved from both extensor and flexor columns.

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22
Q

Where is the Gracillis muscle?

What is its function?

A

L23

Due to it’s attachment on the tibia, the gracilis flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and medially rotate the tibia on the femur.

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23
Q

Where is the Vastus medialis muscle?

What is its function?

A

L24

This muscle is used to extend the leg at the knee and to stabilize the patella, which is also known as the kneecap.

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24
Q

Where is the larynx?

What is its function?

A

R1

The larynx houses the vocal cords that open to allow breathing; close to protect the windpipe when swallowing; and vibrate to give voice

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25
Where is the trachea? What is its function?
R2 The trachea serves as passage for air, moistens and warms it while it passes into the lungs, and protects the respiratory surface from an accumulation of foreign particles.
26
Where is the Left Subclavian artery? What is its function?
R3 The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm
27
Where is the Arch of aorta? What is its function?
R4 The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body
28
Where is the pulmonary artery? What is its function?
R5 The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs to become oxygenated
29
Where is the pulmonary trunk? What is its function?
R6 pumps blood from the right ventricle during artial systole/ventricular diastole
30
Where is the pulmonary vein? What is its function?
R7 The lung veins sometimes referred to the pulmonary veins, are blood vessels that transfer freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart.
31
Where is the Left Atrium? What is its function?
R8 Left atrium: one of the four chambers of the heart. The left atrium receives blood full of oxygen from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle.
32
Where is the lung? What is its function?
R9 The most important function of the lungs is to take oxygen from the environment and transfer it to the bloodstream.
33
Where is the left ventricle? What is its function?
R10 The left ventricle functions to pump oxygenated blood from the lungs out to the body.
34
Where is the Diaphram? What is its function?
R11 the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily.
35
Where is the Spleen? What is the function?
R12 Your spleen's main function is to act as a filter for your blood. It recognizes and removes old, malformed, or damaged red blood cells.
36
Where is the stomach? What is its function?
R13 The core function of the human stomach is as an aid to digestion
37
Where is the Transverse colon? What is its function?
R14 The transverse colon absorbs water and salts
38
Where is the Jejunum? What is its function?
R15 The primary function of the jejunum is to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.
39
Where is the Decending colon? What is its function?
R16 The descending colon stores feces that will eventually be emptied into the rectum.
40
Where is the Ureter? What is its function?
R17 The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
41
Where is the Sigmoid colon? What is its function?
R18 The sigmoid colon is the last section of the bowel — the part that attaches to the rectum. Its job is to hold feces until you're ready to go to the bathroom
42
Where is the rectum? What is its function?
R19 The rectum's job is to receive stool from the colon, let you know that there is stool to be evacuated (pooped out) and to hold the stool until evacuation happens.
43
Where is the Uterus? What is its function?
R20 It functions to nourish and house a fertilized egg until the fetus, or offspring, is ready to be delivered.
44
Where is the Tensor fasciae latae muscle? What is its function?
R21 works in synergy with the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles to abduct and medially rotate the femur.
45
Where is the Round ligament of uterus? What is its function?
R22 Is maintenance of the anteflexion of the uterus (a position where the fundus of the uterus is turned forward at the junction of cervix and vagina) during pregnancy.
46
Where is the Urinary bladder? What is its function?
R23 The urinary bladder functions as a storage vessel for urine to delay the frequency of urination.
47
Where is the Great saphenous vein? What is its function?
R24 It is the longest vein in the human body, extending from the top of the foot to the upper thigh and groin. The great saphenous vein plays an important role in returning blood from the superficial tissues of the leg to the heart and is also used in several medical procedures due to its size and superficial location
48
Where is the rectus femoris muscle? What is its function?
R28 It is a two way acting muscle as it crosses over the hip and knee joint; therefore, it contributes to 90° of knee flexion
49
Where is the Vastus Lateralis muscle? What is its function?
R29 Functionally, the vastus lateralis functions as a primary extender of the knee.
50
Where is the Sartorius muscle? What is its function?
R27 The sartorius muscle crosses both the hip and knee joints, producing movements on both of them
51
What is the function of Arteries?
To pump oxygenated blood away from the heart and towards the body. high blood pressure blood vessels.
52
What are the functions of veins?
To pump de-oxygenated blood back to heart. Low blood pressure vessels.
53
What are capillary beds?
A network of capillaries that supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes their metabolic wastes
54
What does the right-ventricle do?
Pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
55
What does the left ventricle do?
Sends oxygen-rich blood into the body
56
Define Pulmonary circulation.
Heart to lungs to Heart. The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart
57
Define systemic circulation.
Heart to Body to Heart. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.
58
What is the diaphragm and its function?
The major muscle of respiration
59
What is the pericardium membrane?
The pericardium is a thin sac that surrounds your heart. It protects and lubricates your heart and keeps it in place within your chest.
60
What does pulmonary mean?
Relating to lungs
61
What percentage of blood flow goes to the lungs?
100%
62
What percentage of blood flow goes to the digestive tract?
21%
63
What percentage of blood flow goes to the liver?
6%
64
What percentage of blood flow goes to the kidneys?
20%
65
What percentage of the blood flow goes to the skeletal muscle?
15%
66
What percentage of the blood flow goes to the brain?
13%
67
What percentage of the blood flow goes to the skin?
9%
68
What percentage of blood flow goes to the bone?
5%
69
What percentage of the blood flow goes to the cardiac muscle?
3%
70
What percentage of blood flow goes to other regions in the body?
8%
71
What is the hepatic portal vein?
A blood vessel that carries blood to the liver from the intestines, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder. Also called portal vein.
72
Where are the jugular veins and what do they do?
L1&2 They recieve blood from the brain and tissues of the head.
73
Where is the Superior vena cava and what is its function?
L3 Recieves blood from veins of upper body
74
Where are the pulmonary veins and what are their function?
L4 Deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
75
Where is the heart and what does it do?
L5 Pumps blood under pressure
76
Where is the heptic vein and what does it do?
L6 Carries blood that has passed through small intestine then liver.
77
Where is the renal vein and what does it do?
L7 Carries processed blood away from kidneys.
78
Where is the inferior vena cava and what does it do?
L8 Receives blood from all veins below diaphram
79
Where are the Iliac veins and what do they do?
L9 Carry blood away from the pelvic organs and lower abdominal wall.
80
Where is the femoral vein and what does it do?
L10 Carries blood away from the thigh and inner knee
81
Where are the cartoid arteries and what do they do?
R1&2 Deliver blood to the neck, head, and brain
82
Where is the ascenting aorta and what does it do?
R3 Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
83
Where are the pulmonary arteries and what do they do?
R4 Deliver oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs
84
Where are the coronary arteries and what do they do?
R5&6 Serive the cardiac muscle cells of the heart
85
Where is the brachial artery and what does it do?
R7 Delivers blood to th upper limbs. This is where blood pressure is measured.
86
Where is the renal artery and what does it do?
R8 Delivers blood to the kidneys where its volume, chemical makeup are adjusted.
87
Where is the abdominal aorta and what does it do?
R9 Delivers blood to arteries leading to the digestive tract, kidneys, pelvic organs, and lower limbs.
88
Where are the Iliac arteries and what do they do?
R10 Deliver blood to pelvic organs and the lower abdominal wall
89
Where is the femoral artery and what does it do?
R11 Delivers blood to the thigh and inner knee
90
What do the external carotoid arteries do?
Supply blood to the eyes and face ect
91
What to the internal carotoid arteries do?
Join verterbral arteries and form the circle of willis (Ring of arteries)
92
What is an artery made up of?
An endothelium wrapped in elastic tissue wrapped in smooth muscle wrapped in elastic tissue wrapped in a connective tissie coat.
93
What is an arteriole made up of?
An endothelium wrapped in smooth muscle rings over elastic tissue.
94
What is a capillary made up of?
endothelium
95
What is the function of a capillary?
The primary function of capillaries is the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells.
96
What is a vendule made up of?
An endothelium wrapped in smooth muscle wrapped in connective tissue coat.
97
What is a vein made up of?
An endothelium with a valve wrapped in smooth muscle elastic fibres wrapped in a connective tissue coat.
98
Why is there a valve in a vein?
To return blood in a low blood pressure system.
99
What activates the valves in veins?
Flexing of the body such as moving the legs.
100
What are precapillary sphincters?
A precapillary sphincter is a band of contractile mural cells either classified as smooth muscle or pericytes that adjusts blood flow into capillaries
101
What do fully relaxed arteriole and sphincher muscles allow for?
Maximum blood blow through the arterioles and capillary networks.
102
What do fully contracted arteriole and sphincter muscles allow for?
A minimal amount of blood to flow through a vessel called a thoroughfare channel.
103
What is the lymphatic system important for?
The immune system
104
What is the lymphatic system do in simple terms?
It runs 'backround checks' on blood plazma to check for bad bacteria and prevent infections or alert the immune system (Lymph nodes). It makes sure the lymph (filtered blood plazma) goes where it needs to go after being lost to the tissues by blood pressure via lymph cappilarys.
105
What is the function of lymph capillarys?
They have flaplike valves formed from overlapping cells at their tips that collect any lymp fluid that are escaped from the capillarys and returns it to the blood through a series of lymph nodes.
106
In terms of the lymphatic system what do the tonsils do?
defence against bacterial and other foreign agents
107
In terms of the lymphatic system what does the right lymphatic duct do?
Drains the right upper portion of the body via the internal jugular vein.
108
In terms of the lymphatic system what does the thymus gland do?
It is the site where certain white blood cells acquire means to chemically recognise specific foreign invaders.
109
In terms of the lymphatic system what does the thoracic duct do?
Drains most of the body.
110
In terms of the lymphatic system what does the spleen do?
It is a major site of antibody production, disposal site for old red blood cells and foreign debris, and the site of red blood cell formation in the embryo.
111
In terms of the lymphatic system what do some lymph vessels do?
Return excess interstitial fluid ad reclaimable solutes to the blood.
112
In terms of the lymphatic system what do some lymph nodes do?
They filter bacteria and many other agents of disease from lymph.
113
In terms of the lymphatic system what does bone marrow do?
Marrow in some bones is a production site for infection fighting blood cells.

Human Biology 116 (18 decks)

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