Arthrology

Question 1

• science of the ligamentous
  system
• scientific study of joints
  and articulations

Answer 1

Arthrology /Syndesmology

Question 2

__________ are formed when 2 or more bones are united by fibrous, elastic or cartilaginous or by combination of these

Answer 2

Articulation/s or Joints

Question 3

• connective tissue bands that
  connect muscle to bone.

Answer 3

Tendon

Question 4

Other term for Arthrology?

Answer 4

Syndesmology

Question 5

connective tissue bands that
extend from bone to bone

Answer 5

Ligament

Question 6

-a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

Answer 6

Tendon

Question 7

-flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint

Answer 7

Ligament

Question 8

cruciate ligaments of the stifle

Answer 8

Intracapsular (intra-articular) ligaments

Question 9

external to the joint capsule; they include collateral, dorsal, palmar, plantar, and annular ligaments.

Answer 9

Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments

Question 10

found within joints and are surrounded by the synovial membrane

Answer 10

Intracapsular (intra-articular) ligaments

Question 11

fibrocartilage disk

Answer 11

Menisci

Question 12

What are the 3 types of Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments

Answer 12

Extracapsular - CDA

1. Collateral ligaments
2. Dorsal and palmar (or plantar) ligaments
3. Annular ligaments

Question 13

lie in front of and behind the joint

Answer 13

Dorsal and palmar (or plantar) ligaments

Question 14

lie on the medial and lateral aspects of a joint.

Answer 14

Collateral Ligaments

Question 15

surround the joint, and their fibers generally circle the joint to strengthen and
protect the capsule.

Answer 15

Annular Ligaments

Question 16

Classification of Joints (According to the number of articulating surfaces involved)

Answer 16

1. Simple Joints
2. Compound Joints

Question 17

Classification of joints based on the basis function

Answer 17

1. Fibrous Joints
2. Cartilaginous Joint
3. Synovial Joint

Question 18

articulations with more than two articulating bones

Answer 18

Compound joints

Question 19

articulations with two articulating bones

Answer 19

simple joints

Question 20

Other term for fibrous joints?

Answer 20

synarthrosis

Question 21

Have no joint cavity. The bones are united by fibrous tissue.

Answer 21

Fibrous joints (synarthrosis)

Question 22

What are the different types of fibrous joints (synarthrosis) ?

Answer 22

1. Syndesmosis
2. Suture
3. Gomphosis

Question 23

• with considerable amount of intervening connective tissue
• white fibrous/ elastic tissue or mixture

Give ex.

Answer 23

Syndesmosis

temporohyoid joint

Question 24

implantation of the teeth in the alveoli

Answer 24

gomphosis

Question 25

United by cartilage, with no intervening joint cavity. - limited movement such as **compression** and **stretching**

Answer 25

Cartilaginous Joint (Amphiarthosis)

Question 26

Types of cartilaginous joint (amphiarthosis)?

Answer 26

• Synchondrosis , Hyaline cartilage joints/ primary joints • Symphyses, Fibrocartilaginous joints

Question 27

The uniting medium is a joint capsule. - facilitates mobility; most movable joints in the body - commonly involved in dislocations

Answer 27

Synovial joint (true joint/diarthrosis)

Question 28

joints of the flat bones of the skull

Answer 28

Suture

Question 29

Types of suture

Answer 29

1. serrated suture 2. squamous suture 3. Plane suture 4. Foliate suture 5. Schindylesis

Question 30

one that articulates by reciprocally beveled edges > absorb shock ex.

Answer 30

squamous suture -frontonasal -frontomaxillary -parieto-temporal suture

Question 31

articulates by means of reciprocally alternating processes and depressions ex.

Answer 31

serrated suture > interparietal suture > petro-occipital suture

Question 32

one in which the bones meet at an essentially right angled edge or surface

Answer 32

Plane suture > internasal suture > Interincisive suture

Question 33

uneven jagged edges of bones interlock

Answer 33

schindylesis

Question 34

one in which the edge of one bone fits into a fissure or recess of an adjacent bone ex.

Answer 34

Foliate suture > zygomaticomaxillary suture

Question 35

Characteristics of a synovial joint

Answer 35

a. Joint Capsule b. Joint Cavity c. Articular Cartilage

Question 36

Other term for synovial joint

Answer 36

True Joint/ Diarthrosis

Question 37

Other term for cartilaginous joint

Answer 37

Amphiarthosis

Question 38

2 membranes of the joint capsule

Answer 38

1. Synovial membrane (inner connective tissue) 2. Fibrous membrane (outer, yellow elastic tissue)

Question 39

lubricate contact surfaces

Answer 39

Synovial fluid

Question 40

thickenings of fibrous layer

Answer 40

collateral ligaments

Question 41

What are the 7 types of synovial joints?

Answer 41

1. Plane Joints 2. Hinge Joints 3. Trochoid/Pivot Joints 4. Condylar Joint 5. Saddle Joint 6. Ball and Socket 7. Ellipsoidal Joint

Question 42

Articular surfaces are plane - allow only gliding movements ex.

Answer 42

Plane Joint - costotransverse joint

Question 43

Cylindrical surface of one joint fits in the through shape of the other. - allow movement around 1 axis ex.

Answer 43

Hinge Joint - elbow joint

Question 44

Egg shaped surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other - allow movement in 2 axis ex.

Answer 44

Condylar Joint - stifle joint - temporomandibular joint

Question 45

Rounded end of one bone forms into a ring formed by the other bone plus a ligament. - movement (rotation) in 1 axis ex.

Answer 45

Trochoid/Pivot Joint - median atlanto-axial joint - proximal radioulnar joint

Question 46

Opposing joint are concavo-convex ex.

Answer 46

Saddle Joint - Tarsocrural joint - Interphalangeal Joints

Question 47

an elongation of one surface at a right angle to the other, forming an ellipse ex.

Answer 47

Ellipsoidal Joint - antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 48

Spherical head of one bone fits into the socket of the other. Multiaxial joint. ex.

Answer 48

Ball and Socket - Shoulder Joint - Hip Joint

Question 49

2 nd most common hock problem

Answer 49

Osteochondrosis dessicans

Question 50

removal of the distal phalanges through the distal interphalangeal joint in cat

Answer 50

“Declawing” or “onychectomy”

Question 51

formerly known as round ligament of the femur, it is short intracapsular ligament extending from the acetabular cavity to the notch on the head of the femur (fovea capitis)

Answer 51

“Ligament of the head of femur”

Question 52

pathological movement of the tibia cranial to the femur due to rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament.

Answer 52

“Cranial (anterior) drawer sign”

Question 53

inflammation of stifle.

Answer 53

Gonitis

Question 54

Diarthrodial joints Movement

Answer 54

Angular movements • Flexion • Extension • Circumduction • Rotation • Adduction • Abduction • Supination • Pronation

Question 55

- rotation of the appendage so that the palmar or plantar surface of the paw faces medially of **dorsally**

Answer 55

Supination

Question 56

rotation of the appendage from the **supine position** so that the palmar or plantar surface of the paw faces **ventrally**

Answer 56

Pronation

Question 57

Yes Joint

Answer 57

Atlanto-occipital joint

Question 58

No joint

Answer 58

Atlantoaxial joint

Question 59

Scapulohumeral/ glenohumeral

Answer 59

Shoulder joint

Question 60

Coxofemoral joint

Answer 60

Hip Joint

Question 61

Fibrocartilage that unites bones

Answer 61

Symphyses, Fibrocartilaginous Joints

Question 62

Stifle joint

Answer 62

Knee joint, genual joint

Question 63

tarsal joint

Answer 63

hock joint

Question 64

elbow joint

Answer 64

Cubital joint/ humeroradioulnar joint

Question 65

Carpal joint

Answer 65

Radiocarpal Joint

Question 66

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 66

Fetlock joint

Question 67

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Answer 67

Pastern Joint

Question 68

Distal interphalangeal joint

Answer 68

Coffin Joint