Arthropoda

Question 1

Arthropoda- name meaning

Answer 1

Jointed Feet

Question 2

What is an exoskeleton

Answer 2

hard cover made of chitin

secreted by cells of epidermis

Question 3

Advantages of an exoskeleton (4)

Answer 3

Allows the organism to be independent from the environment
protection
reduced water loss, allowing colonisation of dry land
a structure for muscles to attach to, allowing for more efficient locomotion

Question 4

Disadvantages of an exoskeleton

Answer 4

Limits growth
Limits gas exchange
limits movement

Question 5

Outline the 4 stages of the moulting process

Answer 5

Intermoult- endocuticle detaches from the epidermis
Premoult- exocuticle and endocuticle are reabsorbed
Moult- epicuticle detaches
Post-moult- new exoskeleton forms

Question 6

What is the tergite

Answer 6

Hard bit on top

Question 7

What is the sternite

Answer 7

hard bit underneath

Question 8

what is the pleurite

Answer 8

soft bit in-between

Question 9

Name the 4 means of gas exchange in Arthropods

Answer 9

Trough the skin
Gills
Book lungs
Trachea

Question 10

Explain how book lungs work

Answer 10

Spiracle opening into a lung with lamellae lined up like the pages of a book, air flows either side of the lamellae and diffusion occurs

Question 11

What 3 types of sensorial organs do arthropods have

Answer 11

Mechanoreceptors- detect vibrations
Chemoreceptors- detect smell and taste
photoreceptors- detect light (can be ocelli or compound eyes)

Question 12

what is a spermatophore

Answer 12

a sack of sperm which the males place on the ground and attract females to inseminate them.
common in Chelicerata because females like to eat males

Question 13

How does an arthropod excrete nitrogen and how does it make it better adapted to life on land

Answer 13

excreted as uric acid or guanine, the alternative, ammonia is highly toxic and not easy to excrete on land

Question 14

Chelicerata- name meaning

Answer 14

Chelicera= claws/jaws/fangs

scorpions, spiders, horseshoe crabs

Question 15

Myriapoda- name meaning

Answer 15

countless number of feet
Diplopoda- millipedes
Chilopoda- centipedes

Question 16

Crustacea- name meaning

Answer 16

Hard crust

Fleas, barnacles, lobsters, crayfish, crabs, woodlice

Question 17

Hexapoda- name meaning

Answer 17

six feet

Question 18

Name the 6 types of mouthparts

Answer 18

Chewing
Piercing-sucking
sucking
sponging-sucking
cutting
chewing-lapping

Question 19

Wings- what are elytra

Answer 19

hardcover- found on beetles

Question 20

Life cycle- what is an ametabolous species

Answer 20

there is no metamorphosis between larvae and adults, they moult many times

Question 21

Life cycle- what is a hemimetabolous species

Answer 21

5 moults, becoming gradually more adult-like

Question 22

Life cycle- what is a holometabolous species

Answer 22

complete metamorphosis between larvae and adults, the larvae turn into an adult during the pupae stage

Question 23

Hymenoptera

Answer 23

Bees, wasps, ants
social insects
different individuals have different roles within the group: queen reproduces, workers, soldiers and colonisers

Question 24

Lepidoptera

Answer 24

Butterflies and Moths
butterflies and moths are not in separate groups because there is no phylogenic support
A frenulum that connects the wings together in moths is the only true identifier but it is hard to find
wings covered in colourful scales

Question 25

Why are hexapoda so succesful

Answer 25

adaptable
small
exoskeleton
flight
sensory organs

Question 26

what is reproduction like in hexapoda

Answer 26

internal fertilisation
sexual dimorphism
courtship rituals

Question 27

what is an elytra wing

Answer 27

hard cover on beetles

Question 28

what is a membranous wing

Answer 28

typical wing on ancestor

Question 29

what are halter wings

Answer 29

second pair of wings with a stalk for steering