Arthropods and Aschelminths Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
General arthropod characteristics
A
- segmented animals
- one pair of jointed appendages on each segment
- chitinous exoskeleton (cuticle) over whole body
- coelom greatly reduced and the main body cavity is the hemocoel
2
Q
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
- habitat
- survival
- body segmentation
- exoskeleton
A
- marine Arthropoda
- extinct
- divided into 3 visible tagmata: anterior cephalon, middle thorax and posterior pygidium
- exoskeleton consisted of a thick dorsal shield and a thin ventral membrane
3
Q
Subphylum Chelicerata classes
A
Merostomata
Arachnida
4
Q
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Classes
A
Crustacea
Malacostraca
Branchiopoda
Copepoda
Branchiura
5
Q
Subphylum Chelicerata characteristics
- what are chelicerae
- only arthropods without
- body division
- appendages
A
- appendages used for grasping and shredding food
- antennae or mandibles
- body divides into two tagmata: anterior cephalothorax (prosoma) and a posterior abdomen (opisthosoma)
- cephalothorax has 6 pairs of appendages: pair of chelicerae, pedipalps and 4 pairs of walking legs
6
Q
Class-Merostomata
- type
- are their living members
- exoskeleton
- appendages
A
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
-most extinct, just Marine now
-dorsal surface of cephalothorax covered by a large, horseshoe shaped sheet of exoskeletons known as the CARAPACE
-cephalothorax bears the chelicerae and 5 pairs of legs
7
Q
Limulus polyhemus
- type
- habitat
- are they crabs?
- antennae and mandibles
- significance of shape of exoskeleton
- adaptations for burrowing
A
(Horseshoe crab)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Merostomata
- shallow waters along east coast of NA
- nope
- carapace has 3 parts:cephalothorax, abdomen and tail
- fifth pair of walking legs has extra muscle that allows it to push itself around the sand without getting stuck
8
Q
Limulus polyhemus larva
-why is this orca often referred to as trilobite larva
A
-similar shape and internal skeleton
9
Q
Class-Arachnida
- type
- habitat
- common examples
A
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
-all terrestrial Chelicerates
-scorpion, spider and ticks
10
Q
Class-Arachnida characteristics
- body division
- cephalothorax appendages
A
- divided into an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen
- cephalothorax carries a pair of chelicerae, a pair of pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legs
-majority of arachnids are predatory and their appendages have been modified to capture and hold prey
11
Q
Centuriodes vittatus
- type
- how has the body been modified for its lifestyle
- are there antennae or mandibles
A
(Scorpion)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida
- abdominals stinger to barb prey and inject venom, chelicerae crush and tear food, pedipals capture = predatory life
- no, chelicerate don’t have these
12
Q
Dermacentor variabilis
- type
- can you use dorsal shield to identify male and female?
A
(American dog tick)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida
Male is orange with spots, female is brown and plain
13
Q
Subphylum Mandibulata
- type
- antennae and mandibles
- superclasses
A
Phylum Arthropoda
- yes mandibles and antennae
- Crustacea, hexapoda, Myriapoda
14
Q
Superclass Crustacea
- habitat
- examples
A
Aquatic species in marine and freshwater
Lobsters, shrimp and crabs
15
Q
Superclass Crustacea characteristics
- body
- head appendages
- trunk
- carapace
A
- typically divided into a head and a trunk
- head carried two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandibles and two pairs of maxillae
- remainder of body is the trunk, and it may be subdivided into two tagmata: thorax and abdomen
- some of the thoracic segments may fuse with the head to form a cephalothorax and it may be covered by a dorsal carapace
16
Q
Superclass Crustea classes
A
Class Malacostraca
Class Branchiopoda
Class Copepoda
Class Branchiura
17
Q
Class Malacostraca characteristics
- body
- head appendages
- body appendages
A
- divided into a head, thorax and abdomen, may be covered by a carapace and function as single region=cephalothorax
- head carries Crustacea appendages
- modified for feeding, locomotion and or generation of respiratory currents
18
Q
Homarus americanus
- type
- cephalothorax?
- how many pairs of antennae
- biramous antennae?
- eyes?
A
(American lobster) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Crustacea Class Malacostraca
- yes
- two pairs: first is antennules for chemosensory, Second is antennae for touching
- biramous=dividing to form two branches; second pair is biramous
- compound eyes made up of thousands of little lenses joined together
19
Q
Homarus americanus
- what types of modifications do the appendages of the thorax and abdomen show? And are they jointed?
- what are some advantages and disadvantages of the exoskeleton
A
- abdomen is infused with 6 segments to allow flexibility and movement. Tissue connecting segments are soft, unlike carapace. Jointed appendages
- protects from attack, heavy and limits size
20
Q
Cancer magister
- type
- differences from Homarus americanus
A
(Rock crab) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Crustacea Class Malacostraca
- lobster is longer and narrower
- crabs have smaller abdomen, crabs have smaller antennae
21
Q
Cancer larva Types
- purpose of dorsal spine
- how does one stage resemble adult crab
A
- Zoea larva has stalked compound eyes and a spiny carapace. Dorsal spine aids in directional swimming and defence
- Megalopa larva have front larger claws, rounded body and long legs
22
Q
Class Branchiopoda
- type
- habitat
A
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
-mainly freshwater
23
Q
Class Branchiopoda characteristics
- body
- head appendages
- abdomen appendages
- thoracic appendage
A
- body divided into a head, thorax and a reduced abdomen; may have carapace
- on head, the first antennae and the second maxillae are greatly reduced
- a segment of each thoracic appendage has been modified to form a flat, leaf-like structure
- abdomen has no appendages
24
Q
Daphnia pulex
- type
- habitat
- carapace
- first antennae
- second antennae modifications
- eye
- thorax appendages purpose
A
(Water flea) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Mandibulata Superclass Crustacea Class Branchiopoda
- ponds and lakes
- carapace covers most of the body, head and antennae protrude out of carapace
- first antennae greatly reduced
- biramous second antennae used to propel through water
- single compound eye
- used for feeding, respirations and swimming (filter feeding by appendages on setae)
25
Eubranchipus sp.
- type
- carapace
- which antennae is more obvious
- eye difference from Daphnia sp.
- how many thoracic appendages
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Branchiopoda
- no carapace
- first antennae
- pair of compound eyes
- 11
26
Class Copepoda
- habitat
- feeding
- worlds oceans, freshwater, most soil and parasites of aquatic animals
- phytoplankton, herbivores, or parasites
27
Class Copepoda characteristics
- body
- antennae
- eye
- thorax and abdomen appendages
- elongated body divided into a head, thorax and abdomen. Head and thorax may fuse to form cephalothorax
- long, uniramous first antennae
- Naupliar eye; no compound eyes
- biramous appendages in thorax, abdomen has no appendages
28
Cyclops sp.
- type
- is there a cephalothorax
- are first antennae uniramous?
- can you locate the Naupliar eye? And how does it differ from compound?
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Copepoda
- seems so
- uniramous=unbrached, all appendages are biramous except antennae
- eye is at very anterior end in middle
- singular median eye with 3-4 lens bearing ocelli; 2 look forward and up, and 1 looks down
29
Class Branchiura
- type
- habitat
- lifestyle
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
-ectoparasites of marine and freshwater fish also known as fish lice and often cause extreme danger to their hosts
30
Class Branchiura characteristics
- body
- Carapace
- appendages
- flattened and divided into head, thorax and a short abdomen
- carapace is present
- appendages greatly modified for parasitism
31
Argulus sp.
- type
- function of antennae and maxillae in this organism
- eyes
- appendages on abdomen
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Crustacea
Class Branchiura
- first pair of antennae modified to form a hooked, spiny proboscis with suckers. Suction organs on first 2 pairs of maxillae
- two compound eyes
- none
32
```
Subphylum Mandibulata
Supercalss Myriapoda
-examples
-feeding style
-habitat
```
- Centipedes and millipedes
- centipedes are carnivorous and millipedes are scavengers
- tropical or temperate regions
33
Superclass Myriapoda characteristics
- body division
- head appendages
- trunk appendages
- divided into head and trunk
- head Carries a single pair of antennae and a pair of mandibles
- trunk elongated with many leg-bearing segments
34
Scolopendra sp.
- type
- how many legs on each trunk segment
- maxillipeds
- feeding habits
(American centipede)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Myriapoda
- 1 pair
- maxillipeds modified as poison claws (first pair of legs modified for subduing prey)
- carnivorous; feeds on small invertebrates and small vertebrates
35
Spirobolus sp.
- type
- how many legs per segment
- poison claws
- biramous or uniramous appendages
(Tropical millipede)
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Myriapoda
- 2 pairs of legs per segment
- no poison claws
- uniramous appendages
36
```
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Hexapoda
Class Insecta characteristics
-body division
-head appendages
-thorax appendages
```
- divided into 3 tagmata: head, thorax and abdomen
- head carried a pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes and specialized feeding appendages (mouthparts)
- thorax has 3 segments and each segment carries a pair of legs that have been modified for a variety of activities. May also carry two pairs of wings
37
Romalea micropteta
- type
- how many pairs of antennae
- 3 segments of thorax
- do all legs look the same
- how do wings differ
- does abdomen have appendages
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata
Superclass Hexapoda
Class Insecta
- 2 antennae (1 pair)
- prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax
- first two pairs similar, last pair longer and thicker for jumping
- first pair attached to second segment of thorax and is narrow, hind pair attached to 3rd segment and are thin and fan-like in shape.
- NO
38
Differences of wings in:
- Apis mellifera (bee)
- pieris rapae (cabbage butterfly)
- sympetrum internum (dragonfly)
- cicindela sp. (tiger beetle)
- thin, transparent/translucent wings
- opaque with black dots (resemble eyes)
- transparent, thin (harder to spot)
- thick, opaque, black wings (protection)
39
Differences in legs of
- Diapheromera femorata (walking stick)
- Blaberus sp. (cockroach)
- Mantis religious (praying mantis)
- Dytiscus marginalis (diving bettle)
- stick legs to blend in
- thicker legs with points to run quickly on any surface even walls
- modified front legs to catch prey and hold tightly (has spikes)
- thick fringe of swimming hairs
40
Hemimetabolous and holometabolous development
-metamorphosis from larval to distinctly different adult body plan; transition gradual and different instars called nymphs (grass hopper)
(Incomplete metamorphosis)
-species change to adults radically and abruptly. Go from larvae to pupa to adult morph (bee)
(Complete metamorphosis)
41
Aschelminths contains which phylum’s
Invertebrates that molt:
- phylum Nematoda
- phylum Nematomorpha
Invertebrates that do not molt:
- phylum Rotifera
- phylum Acanthocephala
42
Phylum Nematoda
- known as
- habitat
- lifestyle
- Round worms
- freshwater, marine and terrestrial
- free-living or parasitic
43
Phylum Nematoda characteristics
- body
- digestive system
- cylindrical worm-like bodies
| - system is tubular with a mouth and a anus
44
Turbatrix aceti
- type
- describe movement
- male and female differences
```
(Vinegar eel)
Aschelminths
Phylum Nematoda (molt)
```
- bendy waves; undulating body in sinusoidal waves through alternating muscle contractions
- females larger
45
Ascaris lumbricoides
- type
- habitat
- male and female differences
```
Aschelminths
Phylum Nematoda (molt)
```
- intestines, eggs passed in feces onto soil (parasite)
- male smaller, til gunner and curled end
46
Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics
- known as
- habitat
- lifestyle
- Aschelminths that molt
- horsehair worms
- freshwater and moist soil
- free-living
47
Phylum Nematomorpha characteristics
- adults body
- digestive system
- long and very slender with uniformly cylindrical body
| - reduced and the mouth and anus are usually absent
48
Gordius sp.
- type
- how does this resemble Ascaris
```
Aschelminths
Phylum Nematomorpha (molt)
```
-males have curled end, thin and cylindrical body
49
What differences exist between the adult Nematomorpha and the adult nematodes
- degenerate gut in Nematomorpha (role of adults is reproduction, not feeding)
- featureless bodies and much thinner
50
Phylum Rotifera
- also known as
- lifestyle
- habitat
Aschelminths
- do not molt
- wheel animalcules
- free-living
- freshwater
51
Phylum Rotifera characteristics
- body
- head modification
- microscopic animals with a spherical or cylindrical body that ends in a foot
- anterior end of the head region is modified into a ciliary organ known as the corona
52
Rotifer citrinus
- type
- function of corona
- do you see toes on terminal foot
```
Aschelminths
Phylum Rotifera (do not molt)
-draws water into mouth to sift for food
-toes attach to substrate
```
53
Phylum Rotifera
- type of movement
- water current
- mastax
- sway back and forth
- big currents around mouth
- grind food particles or grasping or sucking in complete food particles or contents of large prey. Mastax moved up and down.
54
Phylum Acanthocephala
- known as
- lifestyle
- habitat
- spiny headed worms
- parasitic
- digestive tracts of vertebrate hosts (pigs and humans)
55
Phylum Acanthocephala characteristics
- body
- digestive tract
- long, cylindrical body with a retractxale proboscis that is armed with hooks
- no digestive tract and must absorb nutrients from the host
56
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
- type
- does it have distinct anterior end
- differences of digestive tract from Nematoda and Nematomorpha
Aschelminths
Phylum Acanthocephala
-head with proboscis is anterior end
-no digestive tract
57
What phylum contains over 75% of the worlds animals?
Arthropoda
Considered most successful of the terrestrial invertebrates
