Article 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Y Chromosome
A sex chromosome that determines male characteristics.
Immune Cells
Cells that protect the body from infections and foreign substances.
Why might the loss of the Y chromosome increase heart disease risk in men?
The loss of the Y chromosome in immune cells may lead to a higher incidence of heart disease
due to the absence of protective genetic material that could otherwise prevent such conditions.
Correlation
A mutual relationship or connection between two variables.
How does the loss of the Y chromosome correlate with health problems?
The correlation indicates that men with a significant loss of Y chromosomes in their immune cells have higher rates of heart disease,
suggesting that Y chromosome loss may contribute to these health issues.
Causality
The relationship between cause and effect.
What does Forsberg’s research using CRISPR suggest about Y chromosome loss?
demonstrates causality between Y chromosome loss and heart disease,
as removing the Y chromosome in mice led to heart problems,
indicating a direct effect.
Chromosomes
Structures within cells that contain DNA.
How does the UK Biobank study link Y chromosome loss to heart disease?
found that men with more immune cells lacking a Y chromosome had a higher risk of dying from heart disease,
linking Y chromosome loss to increased heart disease risk.
indicating a potential causal link.
Phenomenon
An observable event or occurrence.
What role does TGF-β play in heart disease related to Y chromosome loss?
TGF-β, released by immune cells lacking a Y chromosome,
Act as TF
binds to promoter region
Produce MRNA
triggers inflammation and scarring in heart tissue, contributing to heart disease.
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to various other cell types.
How might genetic variants contribute to Y chromosome loss and cancer?
Genetic variants may increase DNA replication errors,
leading to Y chromosome loss, which is linked to cancer due to compromised genetic regulation.
Alzheimer’s Disease
A progressive neurological disorder leading to memory loss.
CRISPR Gene-Editing
A technology used to modify genes.
What does Forsberg’s research using CRISPR suggest about Y chromosome loss?
The research shows that Y chromosome loss causes heart disease,
as demonstrated by heart problems in gene-edited mice.
Scarring
Formation of fibrous tissue after injury.
How does Y chromosome loss correlate with heart disease risk?
Y chromosome loss correlates with increased heart disease risk
due to its role in immune cell function and heart tissue health.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β)
A molecule that regulates inflammation and tissue scarring.
Antibody
A protein used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
How might blocking TGF-β be beneficial in treating heart disease?
Blocking TGF-β reduces inflammation and scarring, potentially mitigating heart disease effects caused by Y chromosome loss.
Genetic Variants
Differences in DNA sequences among individuals
How might genetic variants contribute to Y chromosome loss and cancer?
Genetic variants may increase DNA errors, leading to Y chromosome loss and a higher risk of cancer due to disrupted gene regulation.
XXY chromosomes
A genetic condition where a male has an extra Y chromosome.
A sex chromosome that determines male characteristics.
