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sexuality p2 > ARTICLE > Flashcards

ARTICLE Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two bathhouses in clevland

A
  1. Club Clevland (West, white, gay)
  2. Flex (East, black, hispanic)
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2
Q

why are black people not openly gay

A

products of culture: black has high stands for masculinity/fatherhood
-homosexuality seen as white problem

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3
Q

since people are not openly gay, lead to new identity/culture called __

A

Down Low (DL)
-popularized in 90s

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4
Q

black people count for 12% of population but __

A

account for 1/2 of aids cases
-leading cause is homosexual acts

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5
Q

most DL men identify with __ not sexuality

A

race
-black is seen as masculine

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6
Q

in Denizet-Lewis article Rakeem identifies as urban black gay man on DL reflecting __

A

comfort in sexuality but unwillingness to announce it

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7
Q

DL label serves to __

A

announce masculinity and to seperate from white, gay culture

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8
Q

DL does not identify self as gay thus __

A

no closet to come out of
do not wear condoms because they must acknowledge the sexual act
-both these emphasize hypermasculinity

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9
Q

what is Outreach Inc.
who was it found by

A

non-profit in Atlanta that provides services for AIDS/addiction to black communities

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10
Q

what is a key topic of history of sexuality

A

well organized homosexual subculture in London (18th century)
-gay slang, camp/effeminate behaviour
-sodomities and mollies

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11
Q

what is the 1707 Broadside Ballad

A

arrest of 40 mollies from public/molly houses

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12
Q

what is a molly house

A

colllective homosexual identity
-attendees had a collective sociocultural identity

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13
Q

at molly houses, men picked up men, the act being called __
mollies used system of __ to indicate their desires

A

picking up trade in molly market

signals/coded gestures

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14
Q

what is the most popular mollyhouse

A

coffeehouse in Holborn owned by Clap, calling it Mother Clap’s

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15
Q

molly nicknames functioned to __

A

solidify relationships and identities
evidence of group and personal identity, centered on sexuality and gender identity

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16
Q

according to Giles, another popular research topic is __ because __

A

Sambia tride of Papua New Guinea

have culturally prescribed time of male homosexuality prior to heterosexual marriage

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17
Q

what does Herdt argue about Sambia sexual behaviour

A

it shows their sexual desires that was scripted into them
-some view it as instuitionalization and ritualization

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18
Q

describe the male sexual behaviour of Sambia

A

engage in fellatio with other boys because they believed semen was gained through other men (do not create own) thus necessary for masculine development
-also way to protect women from being polluted

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19
Q

bisexual typically refers to going back and forth between sexes throughout life
why are Sambia not considered bisexual?

A

exclusive homosexual period that is culturally prescribed with shift to permanent homosexuality

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20
Q

Sambia sexual acts are referred to as __

A

homoerotic activity (homoeroticism)

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21
Q

what is homoeroticism

A

implies homosexual sexual desire

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22
Q

__ and __, NOT __, should be true indicator of sexual attraction

A

fantasy and desire

behaviour

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23
Q

what did Hewlett study

A

Aka and Ngandu people of Central Africa (same location different culture)
-studied their sexual behaviour

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24
Q

__ pronounced in Aka culture whereas __ pronounced in Ngandu

A

gender egalitarianism
gender inequality

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25
what is a similarity between Aka and Ngandu
view sex as "work of the night" with the goal of producing children -reproductive tool
26
what did Hewlett conclude about the two culture groups
homosexuality/masturbation rare or non-existent because they are not part of cultural model
27
western science distinguishes between three components of sexuality: desire, behaviour and identity thus, __ and __ may be foreign to the two culture groups but __ may not be
behaviour and identity desire
28
human sexuality, according to Dreger, similar to __ because __
bonobo apes frequent non reproductive sex, engage in sex throughout female cycle, use sex to reduce social tensions
29
who are Istmo Zapotec
pre-Columbian cultural group indigenous to Oaxaca, Mexico -recognizes three genders: men, women and muxes
30
what are muxes
biological males who are androphilic, feminine and adapt receptive role during anal
31
Istmo recognize two types of muxes, what are they
1. muxe gunna: transgender androphilic males 2. mux nguiu: cisgender androphilic male
32
trans/cis androphilic males report __ in childhood compared to gynephilic women
higher rates of seperation anxiety
33
what are the 8 biopsychological correlates of androphilic women found by Gomez et al
1. later born than siblings 2. more older brothers (increase chance by 33%) 3. larger families 4. more androphilic relatives 5. similar prevelance among cultures 6. little to no reproductive output 7. gender atypical in childhood 8. preference for female-typical occupation
34
muxe __ most common form of third gender, and their acceptance in society is shown by __
gunna Festival Seekers of Danger
35
what are the two social factors that account for fact that androphilic males exhibit seperation anxiety in childhood
1. overprotective parenting associated with anxiety disorders 2. bidirectional link (parenting style response to traits/behaviour of children)
36
what are the three hormonal factors that account for fact that androphilic males exhibit seperation anxiety in childhood
1. exposed to sex-atypical sex steroid hormones in utero (feminize brain) 2. estrogen exposure for males change voice to be female-typical 3. exposure to female sex steroid hormones influences attachment and anxiety
37
what is the genetic factor that accounts for fact that androphilic males exhibit seperation anxiety in childhood
genetic factors underlie gender atypical behaviour and same sex preference in males -e.g., Xq28 linked to androphilic males
38
what did Vasey say about the connection between sexuality and anxiety
anxiety indicative of elevated concern for well-being of kin, making it an adaptive, developmentally appropriate expression of kin alturism -concerned of kin thus anxious
39
what was the sexual revolution (60s/70s)
changed sexual behaviours, attitudes and desires -only changed men's behaviour, not desires/attitudes--had bigger impact on female sexuality
40
what is erotic plasticity what is low plasticity what is high plasticity
extent sex drive can be influenced by social, cultural and situational factors inflexible/strong biological programming capacity to change/adapt
41
women's sex style/wants __, men __
change over time and circumstances stable from young adulthood
42
NHSLS focused on two main social institutions, education and religion, what did they find
impacts female sexuality but not men -education=high sexual behaviour -religion= low sexual behaviour
43
__ is time when males sexual taste/desire stabilize
puberty -childhood experiences can affect male sexuality via imprinting
44
what was Patricks (father) view of Danny (son)
believed parents are important influence on whether child becomes homo or hetero wanted a hetero son but he displayed female-typical behaviours, thus would be punished
45
what did the first psychiatrist claim Dannys behaviour came from
his mother, Leslie because she was absent during his first year of life -was depressed -danny reconstructed a substitute women in himself
46
what are the three predictions made by Bailey about Danny concerning his adult sexuality
1. most likely danny will become homosexual man 2. may grow up to be heterosexual (unlikely) 3. danny will become a women and be attracted to men
47
according to bailey, what was the largest, most famous and best study
Richard Green -worked with 66 feminine boys -feminine boys displayed many feminine behaviours
48
based on Green's work, what 6 feminine behaviours did the feminine males display
1. cross dressing (70%) 2. playing with dolls (50%) 3. taking female roles in fantasy games (60%) 4. relating better to girls than boys as peers (80%) 5. wishing to be a girl (10%) 6. having below-average interest in rough-and-tumble play/sports (80%)
49
a follow up study conducted by Green showed __ of men grew up to be gay and __ denied being attracted to men
75% 25%
50
transsexualism is rare, __ males undergo a sex change transsexualism rate among feminine boys __ than general population
1 in 12000 400 times
51
according to the DSM-IV-TR, what explains Danny's behaviour
childhood gender identity disorder (GID) -he is mentally ill
52
to be diagnosed with GID, a boy must meet four major criteria, what are they
1. behave in very feminine ways 2. show signs of being unhappy as a boy 3. life must be substantially and negatively affected by symptoms 4. atypical behaviour cannot be due to known medical syndrome that interferes with sexual differentiation
53
to meet the behavioural criteria of GID on the DSM, a boy must show what (at least) four criteria
1. desire/insistence that he is a girl 2. preference for cross-dressing 3. strong/persistent fantasy of being female (taking female roles) 4. intense desire to participate in feminine games and pasttimes 5. strong preference for female playmates
54
Zucker emphasizes a three-pronged treatment approach for boys with GID, what is it
1. family therapy (believes parents cannot effectively react to behaviour) 2. adjust boy to idea he cannot become a girl 3. elimination of toleration and encouragement of feminine play (prevents child from accepting maleness)
55
american views on gender development have been dominated by idea that __
differences between boys and girls are rooted in socialization, and socialization begins at home -so, if boy thinks he is a girl, parents did something wrong
56
after conception, male and female fetuses are similar, what makes them differ is __
direct and indirect effects of testosterone, which is present in higher levels in males
57
what is the most famous case of gender identity issues
David Reimer (John/Joan case) -lost penis in surgery, and since scientists believed humans are psychosexually neutral at birth, had him raised as a female
58
Money was one of the most important scientists of 20th century, what did he do
worked on pseudo-hermaphrodites: people whose biological sex is neither clearly male nor clearly female -led him to believe in psychosexual neutrality at birth
59
what are the "looked at em funny" theories of gender identity according to Bailey
you can call a child a girl, give her sex-typical name and sterotypical toys/clothes associated but what really matters are subtle features of parent-child interaction
60
sexual reorientation therapies, commonly referred to as __ have been developed for individuals who __
conversion/reparative therapies sense themselves to be homosexual and find this identity incongruent -biological, behavioural, cognitive and psychodynamic to religious means
61
religious and psychodynamic principles define homosexuality as __
condition that results when a child does not receive sufficient low through the attachment to the same-sex parent
62
current sexual reorientation treatments for both sexes tend to __
offer gender lessons and support groups whereby clients can see others of the same sex as friends rather than sexual partners
63
two dichotomized clinical and political agendas have intersected around issue of sexual reorientation, what are they
1. tries to create method of eliminating sexual attractions to same-sex individuals and to foster a heterosexual conversion 2. promote expression to self and others of a homosexual identity and to validate same-sex sexual and emotional relationships
64
what are the two issues that have emerged surrounding the ethics of sexual reorientation therapy
1. providing clients with opportunity to self-determine 2. evaluating efficacy of such interventions

sexuality p2 (2 decks)

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