Articulations and Movements of the human body

Question 1

What are articulations?

Answer 1

points of contact between bone, bone and cartilage and bone and teeth

Question 2

What determines a joints function?

Answer 2

• tightness of fit b/w bones.
• precise manner in which the bones fit together.
• tightness of the tissues that bind the bones of the joint together.
• position of the ligaments, muscles, and tendons surrounding the joint.

Question 3

What are the structural classifications of joints?

Answer 3

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 4

What is fibrous structure of joints?

Answer 4

bones are held tightly together.

Question 5

Give an example of a fibrous joint:

Answer 5

suture

Question 6

What is cartilaginous structure of joints?

Answer 6

bones are held together by a bridge of cartilage.

Question 7

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint:

Answer 7

intervertebral discs

Question 8

What is a synovial structure of joints?

Answer 8

there is a joint cavity present and the bones are held together by a surrounding capsule of connective tissue and various ligaments.

Question 9

Give an example of a synovial joint:

Answer 9

a knee

Question 10

Functional classification of joints:

Answer 10

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis

Question 11

Synarthrosis is:

Answer 11

immoveable joint

Question 12

Amphiarthrosis is:

Answer 12

semi-moveable joint

Question 13

Diarthrosis is:

Answer 13

freely moveable joint

Question 14

Components of a synovial joint:

Answer 14

Joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, articular capsule (outer & inner),

Question 15

Joint cavity is:

Answer 15

a fluid space that separates the articulating bones

Question 16

Articular cartilage is:

Answer 16

“hyaline type” that covers the boney surface but does not bind the bones together

Question 17

Synovial fluid is:

Answer 17

synioviocytes that line the inside surface of the synovial membrane secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity that lubricate the articular cartilages and nourish the cartilage cells

Question 18

Articular capsule is:

Answer 18

the sleeve like capsule surrounds the joint uniting the two bones by forming a sac like structure the incorporates the ends of each bone

Question 19

Articular capsule (inner) is:

Answer 19

is the synovial membrane, composed of synoviocytes, areolar tissue, and adipose tissue

Question 20

Articular capsule (outer) is:

Answer 20

fibrous capsule, formed with dense irregular connective tissue and blends with the periosteum of the two bones and provides flexibility w resistance

Question 21

Accessory ligaments are…

Answer 21

most synovial joints have these, but are divided into two types; extrascapular and intrascapsular

Question 22

Extrascapular accessory ligaments:

Answer 22

lie outside the articular capsule and bridge the two bones together

Question 23

Intrascapular accessory ligaments:

Answer 23

lie within the articular capsule and bridge the two bones but are excluded from the joint cavity by wraps of the synovial membrane

Question 24

What are menisci?

Answer 24

articulating discs of fibrocartilage found in the knee and shoulder joints. the pads lie b/w articulating bone surfaces in addition to the articulating cartilage and are attached to the fibrous capsule by ligaments

Question 25

Menisci function:

Answer 25

- allow ends of articulating cartilage to fit together more closely - give more stability to the joint by giving a better fit b/w the bones - direct flow of synovial fluid to areas of great friction

Question 26

Bursae are...

Answer 26

fluid sacs containing synovial fluid

Question 27

Burase are located...

Answer 27

b/w moving parts of the body, found b/w skin and bone, tendon and bone, and muscle and bone, ligament and bone, and articular capsule and bone.

Question 28

Function of Bursae:

Answer 28

to reduce amount of friction b/w moving parts

Question 29

The 5 factors that determine movement

Answer 29

1. structure or shape of articulating bones 2. strength and tension of the joint ligaments 3. arrangement of and tension of muscles 4. apposition of soft parts 5. hormones (relaxin)