Arts & Letters Flashcards
1
Q
What language predominated the German people from 800-1050, the precursor to modern day German?
A
Althochdeutsch
2
Q
What major piece of literature came about during the Old High German period?
A
Hildebrandslied
3
Q
What are the dates for the Old High German period?
A
800-1050 A.D.
4
Q
What are the three periods of the Early Period in German litertature?
A
Old High German
Middle High German
Age of the Minnesänger
5
Q
What was the Old High German period famous for?
A
Church literature
6
Q
What are four famous heroic sagas that emerged in the Old High German period?
A
Das Nibelungenlied
Beowulf
Das Gudrunlied
Song of Roland
7
Q
What are the dates for the Middle High German period?
A
1050-1300
8
Q
Which period of German literature featured such authors as Gottfried von Strassburg. Wolfram von Eschenbach, and Walther von der Vogelweide?
A
Middle High German (Mittelhochdeutsch)
9
Q
What is the name given to the German poet knights of the 12th and 13th centuries?
A
Minnesänger
10
Q
During the Age of the Minnesänger. who composed love songs and performed them in courts of the nobility?
A
German minstrels
11
Q
Who is the most famous poet of love songs, Minnelieder, in the Middle High German epoch?
A
Walther von der Vogelweide
12
Q
Who was the best-known lyric poet of the age?
A
Walther von der Vogelweide
13
Q
Who wrote “Tristan und Isolde”?
A
Gottfried von Straßburg
14
Q
During the MIddle High German period, the ideas of chivalry and courtly loved were introduced. These then were reflected in what two tales?
A
Gottfried von Straussburg’s Tristan and Isolde
Wolfram von Eschenbach ‘s Parzifal
15
Q
Who wrote “Parzifal”?
A
Wolfram von Eschenbach
16
Q
Which Middle High German epic told a story of a young knight’s quest for the Holy Grail?
A
Parzifal
17
Q
Who is famous for his collection of fables, one of which, Reineke Fuchs, set in the 15th century set the precedent for a more modern piece of literature by the same name?
A
Aesop
18
Q
Who pioneered the High German language with his 1522-1534 translation of the bible?
A
Martin Luther
19
Q
Who is known as the Meistersänger of Nürnberg?
A
Hans Sachs
20
Q
Who was a most famous poet of his time, also the protagonist of Richard Wagner’s opera, Die Meistersinger von Nuernberg?
A
Hans Sachs
21
Q
Who wrote about society being fools in a fool ship headed to Narragonien, the fool’s land, in his 1494 work, “Das Narrenschiff”?
A
Sebastian Brandt
22
Q
Who were the authors of Das Narrenschiff?
A
Sebastian Brant and Katherine Ann Porter
23
Q
During the 16th centruy, a series of comical satires was told about a group of incredible dull-witted townpeople. Name them
A
Die Schildbürger
24
Q
What is the English translation of the Renaissance and what did it mark the beginning of?
A
“Aufklärung” & Modern German Literature
25
Name three classic German authors
Goethe, Lessing, Schiller
26
Who opened the way for classic literature and wrote a play, Nathan der Weise, which called upon religious tolerance and the brotherhood of man?
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
27
Name the drama by Lessing that preaches tolerance
Nathan der Weise
28
Which leading author of the Enlightenment actually was better known for his critical essays on German literature such as the Hamburgische Dramaturgie, before he became known for his own writing?
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
29
What period of German literature followed the Aufklaerung was was characterized by a love sentimentality, nature, and liberty? and who were its two most famous authors?
Sturm und Drang
| Goethe and Schiller
30
In which play by Goethe are the characters Margarete and Mephistopheles?
Faust
31
Who wrote Gӧtz von Berlichingen?
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
32
Who wrote Die Leiden des jungen Werthers?
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
33
Who wrote Faust?
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
34
Who lived from 1749 to 1832 and is considered the greatest figure in German literature?
Goethe
35
What was Goethe's first drama?
Götz Von Berlichingen
36
What was Goethe's first novel and his first drama?
Novel- Leiden des jungen Werthers
| Drama- Götz von Berlichingen
37
Recognized as the work of German Classicism, this play is the story of a man who made a pact with the devil. Name the author and his work.
Faust (Urfaust l, ll), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
38
Which German author wrote Don Carlos?
Friedrich Schiller
39
Who wrote Wilhelm Tell?
Friedrich Schiller
40
Which poet, dramatist, and professor wrote Die Räuber?
Friedrich Schiller
41
Who wrote Wallenstein?
Friedrich Schiller
42
Who wrote Maria Stuart?
Friedrich Schiller
43
What era began around the year 1800 and lasted for a half century?
Romantik/Romantic
44
Who published from 1812 to 1815 Kinder- und Hausmärchen in addition to Deutschen Grammatik and Deutschen Wörterbuches?
Wilhelm und Jakob Grimm
45
Who was famous for his characteristic mix of cheer and mystery and his famous Erzählungen that were the basis for Hoffmans Erzählungen by Jacques?
E.T.A. Hoffmann
46
Who wrote the words and who wrote the music of the German National Anthem?
Words-von Fallersleben; music-Joseph Haydn
47
Who wrote the poem Die Lorelei?
Heinrich Heine
48
Whose collection of poems, Buch der Lieder, was published in 1827 and songs were the inspiration for Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms and other composers?
Heinrich Heine
49
Who wrote Du bist wie eine Blume and Die Lorelei?
Heinrich Heine
50
Which poet and novelist created some of the best pieces of the 18th century including Der Schimmelreiter?
Theodor Storm
51
Who perfect the classical form of the novella?
Heinrich von Kleist
52
Who showed the fight between Idealism and Realism, Romantic and Classic nature in his works? He wrote the play "Ahnfrau."
Franz Grillparzer
53
Name the author, considered Austria's finest dramatist, who combined the formal elements of Austrian Baroque drama and Vienna's popular theater traditions.
Franz Grillparzer
54
Which Austrian novelist described the ideal unity in nature and subjectivity of man in Der Nachsommer?
Adalbert Stifter
55
Who was Wilhelm Busch's most famous literary characters?
Max und Moritz
56
What German author won the Novel Prize for Literature in 1912?
Gerhart Hauptmann
57
Who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1912 and wrote the drama, Die Weber?
Gerhart Hauptmann
58
What Swiss novelist wrote the classic books Der grüne Heinrich and Die Leute von Seldwyla?
Gottfried Keller
59
Which Swiss author wrote the autobiography, Der grüne Heinrich?
Gottfried Keller
60
Which Austrian poet and dramatist was the librettist for Richard Strauß's operas Der Rosenkavalier, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Ariadne auf Naxos, Arabella?
Hugo von Hofmannsthal
61
Who wrote Im Westen nichts Neues, Drei Kameraden, Der Triumpfbogen, and Zeit zu leben und Seit zu sterben?
Erich Maria Remarque
62
Which German author wrote Im Westen nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front)?
Erich Maria Remarque
63
This author achieved world fame by writing Im Western Nichts Neues. His novels attempted to mirror the economic and political problems of the world. Who is he?
Erich Maria Remarque
64
Which Austrian wrote Der Prozess, Das Schloss, and Die Verwandlung?
Franz Kafka
65
Who wrote many short stories and the novel Emil und die Detektive?
Erich Kästner
66
Who wrote the controversial play about the Pope's role in WWII?
Rolf Hochhuth
67
What novel by Rolf Hochhuth stirred up international turmoil?
Der Stellvertreter
68
Often dealing with the problems of one against the masses, which Swiss dramatist is famous for his Der Besuch der alten Dame and Die Physiker?
Friedrich Dürrenmatt
69
Who had justice, revenge, and death among his major themes and wrote Der Besuch der alten Dame and Die Physiker?
Friedrich Dürrenmatt
70
What famous Austrian author wrote "Song of Bernadette" and "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh"?
Franz Werfel
71
What did Franz Werfel write?
Die vierzig Tage des Musa Dagh
| Das Lied von Bernadette
72
Which Austrian who later moved to America wrote Das Lied von Bernadette, which was later made into a Hollywood movie, and Jakobowsky und der Oberst?
Franz Werfel
73
What German author won the Novel Prize for Literature in 1929?
Thomas Mann
74
Who wrote Buddenbrooks, Der Zauberberg, Der Tod in Venedig, und Tonio Kröger?
Thomas Mann
75
Who wrote Doctor Faustus and won the 1929 Nobel Prize for literature?
Thomas Mann
76
Which author moved to the US in 1938 during Hitler's reign and then moved to Switzerland after World War II?
Thomas Mann
77
Which German author, exiled to Mexico in 1933, became famous for her anti-fascist novel, Das siebte Kreuz?
Anna Seghers
78
Who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972?
Heinrich Bӧll
79
Which two authors received recognition following the collapse of the Nazi regime?
Wolfgang Borchert and Heinrich Böll
80
Who wrote Wo warst du Adam?, Billard um halb zehn, Ansichten eines Clowns, and Gruppenbild mit Dame and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1972?
Heinrich Böll
81
Which group joined many democratic writers and helped the revival of German literature in 1947?
Gruppe 47
82
Who wrote Dreigroschenoper (The Three Penny Opera)
Text: Bertolt Brecht, Music: Kurt Weill
83
Who wrote Mutter Courage?
Bertolt Brecht
84
Who wrote Der kaukasische Kreidekreis (The Caucasian Chalk Circle)?
Bertold Brecht
85
Who was Bertolt Brecht?
a playwright noted for his radical innovations on theater arts
86
Who wrote Leben des Galilei, Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder, and Die Dreigroschenoper while being a Marxist and was the composer of the Berlin Ensemble in East Berlin?
Bertolt Brecht
87
For what is Johanna Spyri famous for?
She wrote "Heidi".
88
Who wrote one of the most famous children's books, Heidi?
Johanna Spyri
89
Who wrote Demian, Siddharta, Der Steppenwolf, and Das Glasperlenspiel and won the 1946 Nobel Prize in literature?
Herman Hesse
90
Name the works of the authors that won them a Nobel Prize for Literature: Thomas Mann, Gerhard Hauptmann, Herman Hesse
Der Zauberberg
Die Weber
Magister Ludi
91
Who wrote Die Blechtrommel, Katz und Maus, and Hundejahre?
Günter Grass
92
Which author escaped Hitler-ruled Germany in 1940 by flying to Switzerland and wrote die Tragödie des jüdischen Volkes and O die Schornsteine, winning the 1965 Peace Prize from German booksellers and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1966?
Nelly Sachs
93
Which two famous authors belonged to the representatives of German mysticism?
Meister Eckhart and Thomas a Kempis
94
What did Marx and Engels publish in 1848?
The Communist Manifesto
95
Who saw history as a reflection of God's will?
Georg Freidrich Hegel
96
What two German philosophers founded the Existentialist School of Thought?
Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers
97
Which German philosopher wrote A Critique of Pure Reason?
Immanuel Kant
98
Which German philosopher wrote of a "will to power' and of "supermen" (Ubermenschen)?
Friedrich Nietzsche
99
What title was given by a philosopher to his major work and by a musician to a tone poem? Give the title and the names of the philosopher and musician.
Also sprach Zarathustra; Nietzsche and Richard Strauss
100
Who was the German philosopher who believed the world was strife and wrote The World as Will and Idea?l
Schopenhauer
101
Who was the German-American theologian who was leader among those who wanted to reconsider the meaning of Christian faith in the light of the challange presented by Existential philosophy, psychoanalysis, and especially socialism? He left Germany in 1933 and became a professor of theology at Union Theological Seminary?
Paul Tillich
102
Who wrote Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft?
Immanuel Kant
103
Who argued that human knowledge comes from experience?
Immanuel Kant
104
Who argued that the laws of morality should be obeyed regardless of personal consequences?
Immanuel Kant
105
Which philosopher lived from 1724-1804?
Immanuel Kant
106
Who believed that life was a drama of endless strife and suffering?
Arthur Schopenhauer
107
Which philosopher lived from 1788-1860?
Arthur Schopenhauer
108
Who believed that suffering could be relieved by renouncing desire and negating the will?
Arthur Schopenhauer
109
Which philosopher believed that suffering could be relieved by contemplation of fine arts?
Arthur Schopenhauer
110
Who wrote Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung?
Arthur Schopenhauer
111
Who had a special interest in history?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
112
Who saw history as a reflection of God's will?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
113
Who believed that God's will was revealed through progressions of changes resulting from conflict between opposing forces in society?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
114
Who believed that the thesis and the antithesis clash to create a new stage in social evolution called the synthesis?
Georg Friedrich Hegel
115
Who applied Hegel's philosophy to economics?
Karl Marx
116
Who concluded that communism is the economic synthesis that Hegel talked about?
Karl Marx
117
Who believed that management and labor were the thesis and antithesis in economics?
Karl Marx
118
Who wrote Das Kapital?
Karl Marx
119
Which philosopher lived from 1818-1883?
Karl Marx
120
Which philosopher lived from 1770-1831?
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel
121
Who wrote Also sprach Zarathustra?
Friedrich Nietzsche
122
Who wrote Jenseits von Gut und Böse?
Friedrich Nietzsche
123
Who attacked Christianity as something that represses the creativity of man by forcing a mold upon us?
Friedrich Nietzsche
124
Who believed that the source of all creativity is a will to power?
Friedrich Nietzsche
125
Who believed that the hope of mankind lies in the emergence of the Übermensch?
Friedrich Nietzsche
126
Which philosopher lived from 1844-1900?
Friedrich Nietzsche
127
Which German composer wrote the Brandenburg Concertos?
Johann Sebastian Bach
128
Which German composer wrote the many cantatas for performance in religious services?
Johann Sebastian Bach
129
Which German composer wrote the Goldberg Variations?
Johann Sebastian Bach
130
In what city was J.S. Bach born?
Eisenach
131
What German composer was choirmaster in the Thomaskirche of Leipzig for many years?
Johann Sebastian Bach
132
What composer wrote Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring?
Bach
133
Whose cantatas, passion, and compositions had a great influence in music later on? He was born into a famous music family and lived from 1685-1750.
Johann Sebastian Bach
134
What German composer is one of the great innovators in Western music?
Johann Sebastian Bach
135
Which two baroque composers were both born in 1685?
Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Handel
136
Who is the composer of the opera "Fidelio"?
Ludwig van Beethoven
137
Which composer lost his hearing, but continued to compose?
Ludwig van Beethoven
138
Who is the composer of "An die Freude"?
Ludwig van Beethoven
139
How many Symphonies did Beethoven compose?
9
140
In what city was Beethoven born?
Bonn
141
Before turning completely deaf, Beethoven wrote his Ninth Symphony which concludes with what?
Schiller's Ode an die Freude
142
Who was a student of Schoenberg's and developed a style called atonality?
Alban Berg
143
Who founded an art school with Schoenberg and Anton von Webern in the 20th century in Wien?
Alban Berg
144
Who is known for the operas "Wozzek" and "LuLu"?
Alban Berg
145
What German composer wrote four symphonies and A German Requiem?
Johannes Brahms
146
How many symphonies did Brahms compose?
4
147
In what city was Brahms born?
Hamburg
148
Who made Beethoven's style popular again?
Johannes Brahms
149
Who increased the amount of chamber music performed by the piano and violin?
Johannes Brahms
150
Which composer composed the Lullaby that is familiar today?
Johannes Brahms
151
What did Franz Gruber and Joseph Mohr contribute to the world?
"Stille Nacht" (The Christmas song, Silent Night)
152
Which German composer was born in Halle?
Georg Friedrich Händel
153
Which German composer wrote the oratorio Messiah?
Georg Friedrich Händel
154
Which German composer wrote the Water Music?
Georg Friedrich Händel
155
Which German composer spent most of his creative life in London?
Georg Friedrich Handel
156
Which composer spent most of his life in England and is buried in Westminster Abbey?
Georg Friedrich Händel
157
Whose work in Baroque-style music was distinguishable by its melody and harmonic shaping?
Georg Friedrich Händel
158
Who is known for his oratory "Messiah" and for his "Water Music" and "Firework Music"?
Georg Friedrich Händel
159
Which famous German composer received the Honorary Doctorate in Music from Oxford University?
Franz Josef Haydn
160
Which composer's style caused music to shift from Baroque-style to Classical?
Franz Josef Haydn
161
Who received the title of Honorary Doctor of music from Oxford University?
Franz Josef Haydn
162
Which German composer established the form of the symphony? His Emperor Quartet became the tune for both the German and Imperial Austrian national anthems.
Franz Josef Haydn
163
Who established the form of a symphony?
Franz Josef Haydn
164
Which three musical greats from Germany fled to the United States because they were Jewish?
Kurt Weill, Paul Hindemith, Bruno Walter
165
What German became the head of the music department at Yale University?
Paul Hindemith
166
Which composer was influential in Berlin, New Haven, and Zuerich?
Paul Hindemith
167
In constrat to Schoenberg, who was worried that traditional music styles would be restored?
Paul Hindemith
168
Who is known for the opera "Mathis der Maler"?
Paul Hindemith
169
Who composed the opera Hansel und Gretel?
Engelbert Humperdink
170
Which Austrian composer merged popular musical expression into complicated symphonic modes of expression, creating the symphonic Lied?
Gustav Mahler
171
Who composed the music for Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream?
Felix Mendelssohn
172
Who composed the "Wedding March" for A Midsummer's Night Dream?
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
173
Who is famous for composing "Hochzeitsmarsch"?
Felix Mendelssohn
174
Name two of Mozart's operas
Figares Hochzeit
Don Giovanni
Die Zauberflöte
175
Who traveled throughout Europe with his older sister and became known as a child prodigy?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
176
Who is the composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
177
Who was the composer of "Die Hochzeit des Figaro", "Don Giovannni", and "Die Zauberflöte"?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
178
this child prodigy died penniless at the age of 35. His operas include Die Zauberflote and Figaros Hochzeit. Name him.
(Wolfgang Amadeus) Mozart
179
Who composed music in twelve-tone scale and whose art was classified as degenerate during Hitler's regime?
Arnold Schӧnberg
180
Who coined the twelve-tone technique? (Zwölftonleiter)
Arnold Schönberg
181
Which composer was extremely influential in California from 1935-1944?
Arnold Schönberg
182
Who wrote the opera "Moses und Aron", and "Verklaerte Nacht" and "gurrelieder"?
Arnold Schönberg
183
Which composer made the best poems of his time more famous?
Franz Schubert
184
Who composed "Forellenquintett"?
Franz Schubert
185
What is Franz Schubert best remembered for?
a composer of Lieder
186
Which musician set many verses to music? His "Traumerei" is a standard piano selection?
Robert Schumann
187
Who composed music with his wife Clara?
Robert Schumann
188
Who composed lots of songs to poems by Heine and Eichendorff?
Robert Schumann
189
What did Robert Schumann compose?
chamber music
symphonies
a number of pieces for piano
190
Who composed the world-famous waltz, The Beautiful Blue Danube? (give FULL name)
Johann Strauss the Younger
191
Who became famous because of his waltzes, and thus was dubbed King of the Waltz?
Johann Strauß
192
Who earned the title of "Waltz King"?
Johann Strauss the Younger
193
What German composer wrote The Flying Dutchman?
Richard Wagner
194
What German composer wrote Tannhauser?
Richard Wagner
195
What German composer wrote Lohengrin?
Richard Wagner
196
What German composer wrote The Ring of the Nibelungen?
Richard Wagner
197
What German composer wrote Die Meistersinger?
Richard Wagner
198
What German composer wrote Tristan und Isolde?
Richard Wagner
199
Who was the most famous German composer of operas at the end of the 19th century?
Richard Wagner
200
Which musician was most honored by Hitler
Richard Wagner
201
Whose compositions were divided into two main categories: Operas and music for poems?
Richard Strauß
202
Who developed a new form of opera that shows up in the text, action, and music?
Richard Wagner
203
Who writes tone poems based on figures from Germany's past?
Richard Strauss
204
Who took subjects from German heroes?
Richard Wagner
205
Who was a famous composer in the period of transition from Classical to Romantic?
Karl Maria von Weber
206
Whose work "Der Freisch(ue)tz" laid the groundwork for romantic music and greatly influenced the work of Richard Wagner?
Carl Maria von Weber
207
Who discovered the diphtheria antitoxin?
Emil von Behring
208
Who is known for playing a major role in rocket research in Germany and, after WWII, in the US?
Werner von Braun
209
In what year did Wernher von Braun become a US citizen?
1955
210
Who oversaw the construction and launching of the first American satellite?
Werner von Braun
211
Who developed a large rocket that allowed many successful American space trips, including to the moon?
Werner von Braun
212
He developed the Saturn-V missile that carried the first man to the moon in 1969. He was interned by the US as a rocket scientist in May, 1945. Who was he?
Werner von Braun
213
Who worked with physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in spectral analysis?
Robert Bunsen
214
How big of a role did Robert Wilhelm Bunsen play in inventing the Bunsen burner?
a small one
215
Who invented the oil motor?
Rudolf Diesel
216
Who patented the Diesel motor in 1892?
Rudolf Diesel
217
Which year did Albert Einstein discover the theory of relativity?
1905
218
Which year did Albert Einstein win the Nobel Prize for Physics?
1921
219
In which university was Albert Einstein active in when he came to the US?
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
220
What famous German-American won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921?
Albert Einstein
221
Who strongly influenced modern physics by establishing a theory of relativity that created new concepts of space, time, mass, motion, and gravitation?
Albert Einstein
222
Who established the convertibility of matter and energy, which provided the basis for the development of atomic energy.
Albert Einstein
223
Which scientist left Germany in 1933 and spent the rest of his life in the US?
Albert Einstein
224
Name the German scientist who developed the thermometer.
Daniel Fahrenheit
225
Who is the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
226
Who discovered that many diseases caused mental instead of physical disorders?
Sigmund Freud
227
Whose advances in psychoanalysis were very influential to not only medicine, but arts as well?
Sigmund Freud
228
Who set the stage for the development of psychology and psychiatry in the 1900s?
Sigmund Freud
229
Who introduced the concepts of psychoneurosis, the Oedipus complex, the unconscious, the id, the ego, and the superego to clinical psychology?
Sigmund Freud
230
Who founded psychoanalysis, a method of treating certain psychological disorders by uncovering the unconscious sources of the patient's distress?
Sigmund Freud
231
Who wrote the classic The Interpretation of Dreams
Sigmund Freud
232
Who founded the Kindergarten in Germany?
Friedrich Frӧbel
233
What German craftsman combined the printing press and moveable type to produce the first printed copies of the Bible?
Johannes Gutenberg
234
Who changed the printing press so that there were interchangeable metal parts?
Johannes Gutenberg
235
Whose life work was the print of the Latin Bible?
Johannes Gutenberg
236
Who invented movable type and the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
237
Who, in Mainz around 1450, printed the Latin Bible?
Johannes Gutenberg
238
Which three scientists discovered the nuclear fission of uranium in 1938?
Otto Hahn
Fritz Straßmann
Lise Meitner
239
In what year did Otto Hahn win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry?
1945
240
Which German scientist discovered electric waves and the photoelectric effect?
Heinrich Hertz
241
Name the German scientist whose discovery of the electromagnetic waves led to the development of radio, TV, and radar.
Heinrich Hertz
242
Who discovered electromagnetic waves?
Heinrich Hertz
243
Whose advancements in physics led to developments in broadcasting, including TV and radar?
Heinrich Hertz
244
Who founded the German university that became a model for American universities. Where is it located?
Wilhelm von Humboldt; Berlin
245
Who is viewed as the founder of modern-day geography?
Alexander von Humboldt
246
Whose name is associated with many geographic features in the American continents?
Alexander von Humboldt
247
Who is known as the Father of Gymnastics?
Friedrich Jahn
248
Who discovered three laws of planetary motion that set the foundation for Newton's discovery about gravity?
Johannes Kepler
249
Who was first to support the heliocentric theory that Copernicus proposed?
Johannes Kepler
250
Who further developed the ideas of Copernicus by preparing tales of the motions of planets?
Johannes Kepler
251
Who formulated three mathematical laws of planetary motion?
Johannes Kepler
252
Which German scientist isolated and identified the tuberculosis bacillus and developed the tuberculin test?
Robert Koch
253
Who founded modern research in bacteriology?
Robert Koch
254
Who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905?
Robert Koch
255
Who developed a technique for staining bacteria on microscope slides so they could be observed with greater clarity? He received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1905.
Robert Koch
256
Which scientist established the first chemical teaching labratory in Gießen , germany in 1824?
Justus von Liebig
257
Whose lab in the University of Giessen was world famous?
Justus von Liebig
258
Who dealt with the structure of organic substances?
Justus von Liebig
259
Whose work greatly enhanced research in agricultural chemistry?
Justus von Liebig
260
Whose work led to calculus and symbolic logic?
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
261
Whose work was mainly in the fields of mathematics and philosophy?
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
262
Who believed that everything is in this world for the best?
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
263
Who believed that man should be satisfied with what he has?
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
264
Which philosopher lived from 1646-1716?
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
265
Name the German who worked with gliders and heavier-than-air aircrafts, assisting in forging the way for the success of the Wright Brothers?
Otto Lilienthal
266
Name the Austrian monk whose classical experiments in genetics led to the genetic laws of segregation and independent assortment.
Gregor Mendel
267
Who was the father of the Atomic Bomb?
Robert Oppenheimer
268
Who proposed the Quantum Theory?
Max Planck
269
Whose research in thermodynamics led to the discovery of his revolutionary quantum theory in 1900 that paved the way for atomic research?
Max Planck
270
Who discovered that matter and energy occur in small, indivisible particles?
Max Planck
271
Who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918?
Max Planck
272
Who introduced the quantum theory in 1900?
Max Planck
273
Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918, and today there are 38 institutions in West Germany named after him.
Max Planck
274
Who developed the Volkswagen?
Ferdinand Porsche
275
Who named X-rays after himself?
Wilhelm Rӧntgen
276
Who made groundbreaking discoveries in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases?
Wilhelm Rӧntgen
277
Who won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901?
Wilhelm Rӧntgen
278
The use of which two materials characterized the Bauhaus?
Steel and Glass
279
"The Dream" (1921) and "Departure" (1932) were painted by who?
Max Beckmann
280
Who did die Brücke consist of?
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Emil Nolde
Max Beckmann
281
Prior to World War I, group of artists gathered in two German cities. Name the groups and their respective cities.
Die Brücke- Dresden
| Der blaue Reiter- München
282
What school was founded in München by Marc and Kandinsky in 1911?
Der Blaue Reiter
283
Which group's abstract paintaings were abruptly different from those of its predecessors?
Der Blaue Reiter
284
What is the name of the group formed by several expressionistic painters in 1905 in Dresden?
Die Brücke
285
Where was the group Die Bruecke founded in 1905?
Dresden
286
Name two members of Die Brücke
Emil Nolde
| Max Backmann
287
What German artist of the Renaissance was born in Nuremburg?
Albrecht Dürer
288
What artist, considered the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance was famous for the "praying hands"?
Albrecht Dürer
289
Who was a famous Renaissance artist that is known for the works "Die vier apokalyptischen Reiter" and "Ritter, Tod, und Teufel"?
Albrecht Dürer
290
Which Northern Renaissance artist was an engraver and painter, best known for his woodcuts?
Albrecht Dürer
291
Who was Germany's most famous 16th-century artist whose home was in Nuremburg. He painted "The Four Apostles."
Albrecht Durer
292
What German artist pained Venus und Amor?
Lucas Cranach the Elder
293
Who is famous for painting Martin Luther and other leaders during the period of Reformation?
Lucas Cranach
294
Whose paintings were anachronistic and often contained mythological themes?
Lucas Cranach
295
This Romanticortist is best known for his paintings of Germany's Baltic coast and seascapes. The Chalk cliffs of Rügen were one of his favorite subjects. Name him.
Caspar David Friedrich
296
Who was the founder of the Bauhaus School in Dessau who had to flee to America with his disciple in the Nazi period?
Walter Gropius, Mies Van Der Rohe
297
Who designed the Bauhaus and where is it located?
Walter Gropius; Dessau
298
Who founded Die Bauhaus-Schule?
Walter Gropius
299
Who believed that there was no separation between free and applied art?
Walter Gropius
300
At which school did Walter Gropius teach at in America?
Walter Gropius
301
Who was a satirical artist in WWI that made fun of the Prussians and contrasted the comfortable citizens and those who had suffered in the war?
Georg Grosz
302
Which artist emigrated to America in 1932 because his works openly attacked the Nazis?
Georg Grosz
303
Who painted bitter satires of German society after WWI?
Georg Grosz
304
Which painter of religious subjects lived from 1480-1528. His masterpiece was the "Isenheim Altar"
Matthias Grünewald
305
What 16th century German artist was a powerful genius whose works have great tragic intensity? Two of his works were "Crucifixion" and "Virgin and Child"
Matthias Grünewald
306
Who found inspiration for art in biblical themes and is known for "Isenheimer Altar"?
Matthias Grünewald
307
Which German artist painted religious subjects?
Matthias Grünewald
308
Which German artist served as court painter to Henry VIII of England?
Hans Holbein the Younger
309
This celebrated portrait painter is best known for his portraits of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Henry VIII. Give his name.
Hans Holbein the Younger
310
Which famous portrait artist spent most of his time in Switzerland and England where he painted Koenig Heinrich VIII?
Hans Holbein the Younger
311
Die Blaue Reiter is named for which Russian artist's painting? Also give the name of the Swiss artist that helped start the group.
Wassily Kandinsky
| Paul Klee
312
Name two notable members of Der Blaue Reiter
Wassily Kandinsky
| Paul Klee
313
Which artist focused on graphics and created many of his/her greatest works this way?
Käthe Kollwitz
314
Who devoted artistic work to representing the dignity and suffering of the victims in society?
Käthe Kollwitz
315
Whose loss of a son in WWI and a grandson in WWII inspired his/her work?
Käthe Kollwitz
316
Who is known for the works "Der Weberaufstand" and "Bauernkrieg"?
Käthe Kollwitz
317
Modeled after the marble gateway of the ancient Athenian Acropolis, which landmark was typical of the classical influence on German art during the Enlightenment? Name the landmark, the architect, and the city where it stands.
Brandenburg Gate, Karl Langhans, Berlin
318
Which German artist painted the original Washington crossing the Delaware?
Emanuel Leutze
319
What German-American drew the first Santa Claus as we know him today?
Thomas Nast
320
What famous German designed the United Nations building in New York?
Mies van der Rohe
321
Which famous artist from the Bauhaus built the main building of the United Nations and the highly admired Seagram building?
Mies van der Rohe
322
Which German-American built the Brooklyn Bridge?
Johann August Roebling
323
The Nürnberg Parteitag was part of what film under the Nazi Regime?
Triumph des Willens
324
What German movie won the Oscar for the best foreign film in 1980?
Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)
325
Which German archeologist discovered and excavated the ancient city of Troy?
Heinrich Schliemann
326
Give the composers for each of the following pieces: Academic Festival Overture, Träumerei, and Der Rosenkavalier.
Academic Festival Overture – Johannes Brahms
Träumerei – Robert Schumann
Der Rosenkavalier – Richard Strauss
327
Which German wrote the words for the hymn Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott?
Martin Luther
328
The hero of a book of fantastic travelers' tales (1785) written in English by a German, Rudolph Erich Raspe. The original Baron Munchausen is said to have lived 1720–97, to have served in the Russian army against the Turks, and to have related extravagant tales of his prowess.
Baron von Münchhausen
329
German abbess, scholar, composer, and mystic. A nun of the Benedictine order, she wrote scientific works, poetry, and music, and described her mystical experiences in Scivias.
Hildegard von Bingen
330
German Lutheran theologian and pastor. He was an active opponent of Nazism and was involved in the German resistance movement. Arrested in 1943, he was sent to Buchenwald concentration camp and later executed.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
331
German theologian, musician, and medical missionary, born in Alsace. In 1913 he qualified as a doctor and went as a missionary to Gabon, where he established a hospital. Nobel Peace Prize (1952).
Albert Schweitzer
332
Austrian composer and organist. He wrote ten symphonies, four masses, and a Te Deum
Anton Bruckner
333
Danish organist and composer. Working in Lübeck, he wrote mainly for the organ.
Dietrich Buxtehude
334
Hungarian composer and pianist. He was a key figure in the romantic movement; many of his piano compositions combine lyricism with great technical complexity, while his twelve symphonic poems (1848–58) created a new musical form.
Franz Liszt
335
German composer. He is best known for his secular cantata Carmina Burana (1937), based on a collection of characteristically bawdy medieval Latin poems.
Carl Orff
336
German composer and organist. His compositions include seventy-eight chorale preludes, thirteen settings of the Magnificat, and the Canon and Gigue in D for three violins and continuo.
Johann Pachelbel
337
Austrian psychologist and psychiatrist. Adler disagreed with Freud's idea that mental illness was caused by sexual conflicts in infancy, arguing that society and culture were significant factors. He introduced the concept of the inferiority complex.
Alfred Adler
338
German engineer and motor manufacturer; . In 1885 he built the first vehicle to be driven by an internal combustion engine.
Karl Benz
339
German physicist, one of the founders of modern thermodynamics. He was the first, in 1850, to formulate the second law of thermodynamics, developing the concept of a system's available thermal energy and coining the term entropy for it.
Rudolf Clausius
340
German engineer and motor manufacturer. An employee of Nikolaus Otto, he produced a small engine using the Otto cycle in 1884 and made it propel a bicycle using petrol vapour. He founded the Daimler motor company in 1890.
Gottlieb Daimler
341
Austrian physicist, famous for his discovery, in 1842, of what is now known as the Doppler effect.
Christian Doppler
342
German medical scientist. One of the founders of modern immunology and chemotherapy, he developed techniques for staining specific tissues, believing that a disease organism could be destroyed by an appropriate magic bullet. The effective treatment of syphilis in 1911 proved his theories.
Paul Ehrlich
343
Austrian-born British psychoanalyst, the youngest child of Sigmund Freud. She introduced important innovations in method and theory to her father's work, notably with regard to disturbed children, and set up a child therapy course and clinic in London.
Anna Freud
344
German-born American psychoanalyst and social philosopher. His works, which include Escape from Freedom (1941), Man for Himself (1947), and The Sane Society (1955), emphasize the role of culture in neurosis and strongly criticize materialist values.
Erich Fromm
345
German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He laid the foundations of number theory, and applied rigorous mathematical analysis to geometry, geodesy, electrostatics, and electromagnetism.
Carl Gauss
346
Austrian-born American mathematician. He made several important contributions to mathematical logic, especially the incompleteness theorem.
Kurt Gӧdel
347
German mathematical physicist and philosopher. He developed a system of quantum mechanics based on matrix algebra in which he stated his famous uncertainty principle (1927). For this and his discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen he was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physics.
Werner Heisenberg
348
German physiologist and physicist;. He formulated the principle of the conservation of energy in 1847. Other achievements include his studies in sense perception, hydrodynamics, and non-Euclidean geometry.
Hermann Helmholtz
349
Austrian-born American physicist;. He showed that some ionizing radiation (later termed cosmic rays) was extraterrestrial in origin but did not come from the sun. Nobel Prize for Physics (1936, shared with Carl David Anderson).
Victor Hess
350
Austrian-born American physician. In 1930 was awarded a Nobel Prize for devising the ABO system of classifying blood. He was also the first to describe the rhesus factor in blood.
Karl Landsteiner
351
American physicist. He specialized in precision measurement in experimental physics, and in 1907 became the first American to be awarded a Nobel Prize.
Albert Michelson
352
Swedish chemist. He discovered a number of substances including glycerol, chlorine, and oxygen.
Karl Scheele
353
German physiologist; He showed that animals (as well as plants) are made up of individual cells and that the egg begins life as a single cell. He is best known for discovering the cells forming the myelin sheaths of nerve fibres (Schwann cells).
Theodor Schwann
354
German meteorologist and geologist. He was the first serious proponent of the theory of continental drift.
Alfred Wegener
355
Of or in the style of architecture prevalent in western Europe in the 12th–16th centuries (and revived in the mid 18th to early 20th centuries), characterized by pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses, together with large windows and elaborate tracery. English Gothic architecture is divided into Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular.
Gothic/Gotik
356
Relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed Mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail. In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Wren in England.
Baroque/Barok
357
Denoting furniture or architecture characterized by an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scrollwork.
Rococo/Rokoko
358
Of or in a style of art and architecture that originated in the 19th century, characterized by the revival of medieval Gothic forms. In architecture it is manifested in pointed arches, vaulted ceilings, and mock fortifications.
Neogothic/Neugotik
359
A style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the USA from about 1890 until the First World War and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.
Art Nouveau/Jugendstil
360
German-born American artist, designer, and teacher. He taught at the Bauhaus until 1933, and his work was strongly influenced by constructivism. He later emigrated to the US, where he was instrumental in disseminating Bauhaus principles through his teaching work.
Josef Albers
361
German painter and engraver. He was one of the first modern European landscape painters and was principal artist of the Danube School.
Albrecht Altdorfer
362
German artist. One of the most influential figures of the avant-garde movement in Europe in the 1970s and 1980s, his work consisted of ‘assemblages’ of various articles of rubbish. In 1979 he co-founded the German Green Party.
Joseph Beuys
363
German artist and nun; also known as Sister Maria Innocentia. She created the sketches upon which M. I. Hummel figurines, made by the Franz Goebel Company, are based.
Berta Hummel
364
German expressionist painter. In 1905 he was a founder of the first group of German expressionists. His paintings are characterized by the use of bright, contrasting colours and angular outlines, and often depict claustrophobic street scenes.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
365
Austrian painter and designer. Co-founder of the Vienna Secession (1897), he is known for his decorative and allegorical paintings and his portraits of women. Notable works: The Kiss (1908).
Gustav Klimt
366
A 13th-century German poem, embodying a story found in the (Poetic) Edda, telling of the life and death of Siegfried, a prince of the Netherlands.
Niebelungenlied
367
An Old English epic poem celebrating the legendary Scandinavian hero Beowulf.
Beowulf
368
Who is a bishop and translator. Believed to be of Cappadocian descent, he became bishop of the Visigoths in 341. His translation of the Bible from Greek into Gothic (of which fragments survive) is the earliest known translation of the Bible into a Germanic language. Traditionally held to have invented the Gothic alphabet, based on Latin and Greek characters.
Bishop Wulfila
369
The following of ancient Greek or Roman principles and style in art and literature, generally associated with harmony, restraint, and adherence to recognized standards of form and craftsmanship, especially from the Renaissance to the 18th century.
Klassik/Classicism
370
It was famous in the late 18th and early 19th century for its intellectual and cultural life.
Weimar
371
a leading composer of waltzes; known as Strauss the Elder. His best-known work is the Radetzky March
Johann Strauss I
372
Name the German neurologist who first identified Alzheimer's
Alois Alzheimer
373
German nuclear physicist;. In 1908 he developed his prototype radiation counter for detecting alpha particles, later improved in collaboration with Walther Müller.
Heinz Geiger
374
German physicist, a pioneer in spectroscopy. He developed the concept of black-body radiation and discovered the elements caesium and rubidium
Gustav Kirchhoff
375
Austrian-born American physicist. He made a major contribution to quantum theory with the Pauli exclusion principle. In 1931 he postulated the existence of the neutrino, later discovered by Enrico Fermi. Nobel Prize for Physics
Wolfgang Pauli
376
German aviation pioneer; . An army officer until his retirement in 1890, he devoted the rest of his life to the development of the dirigible airship named after him.
Graf von Zeppelin
377
German-born American actress and singer; . She became famous for her part as Lola in The Blue Angel (1930), one of many films she made with Josef von Sternberg. From the 1950s she was also successful as an international cabaret star.
Marlene Dietrich
378
Austrian-American film director, who worked in the US from 1934. He directed the silent dystopian film Metropolis (1927), making the transition to sound in 1931 with the thriller M. His later work include The Big Heat (1953).
Fritz Lang
379
Hungarian-born American actor. He was known for the sinister roles he played, as in the German film M (1931), The Maltese Falcon (1941), and The Raven (1963).
Peter Lorre
380
German film-maker and photographer; She was chiefly known for Triumph of the Will (1935), a depiction of the 1934 Nuremberg Nazi Party rallies.
Leni Riefenstahl
