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A-Level Physics > [AS] Classification of Particles > Flashcards

[AS] Classification of Particles Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fundamental particle?

A

A particle that has no substructure; the smallest unit of matter

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2
Q

What are the two types of hadrons?

A

Baryon, Meson

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3
Q

What particle type are protons and neutrons versions of, and what is the difference between them?

A

Nucleon; different electric charges

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4
Q

What type of particle is a proton?

A

Baryon (Hadron)

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5
Q

What type of particle is a neutron?

A

Baryon (Hadron)

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6
Q

What type of particles are baryons?

A

Hadron

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7
Q

What type of particles are mesons?

A

Hadron

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8
Q

What is the only stable baryon?

A

Proton

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9
Q

What does it mean for a particle to be unstable?

A

It can decay to become another particle

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10
Q

What particle do all baryons decay to?

A

Proton

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11
Q

Why don’t you find antibaryons in ordinary matter?

A

They only exist momentarily before being annihilated

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12
Q

What is the baryon number?

A

The number of baryons

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13
Q

What is the baryon number of the proton?

A

+1

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14
Q

What is the baryon number of the neutron?

A

+1

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15
Q

What is the baryon number of the antiproton?

A

-1

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16
Q

What is the baryon number of the antineutron?

A

-1

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17
Q

What is the baryon number of a particle that isn’t a baryon?

A

0

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18
Q

Must the baryon number be conserved in interactions?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Can the total baryon number in a particle interaction change?

A

No

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20
Q

What type of particle are electrons?

A

Leptons

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21
Q

Is an electron a baryon?

A

No

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22
Q

What type of particle are antineutrinos?

A

Leptons

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23
Q

What is the baryon number of an electron?

A

0

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24
Q

What is the baryon number of an antineutrino?

A

0

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25
What is the baryon number of an neutrino?
0
26
What is the baryon number of an positron?
0
27
What type of particle is a Pion?
Meson (Hadron)
28
What type of particle is a Kaon?
Meson (Hadron)
29
Are mesons stable?
No
30
Are mesons unstable?
Yes
31
What is the baryon number of a meson?
0
32
Which is the lightest meson?
Pion
33
How many types of Pion are there?
Three, with different charges | π⁻, π⁺, π⁰
34
Where do you get a lot of Pions?
High-energy collisions
35
What is the mass of Kaons, relative to Pions?
They are heavier
36
What is the mass of Pions, relative to Kaons?
They are lighter
37
What is the stability of Kaons, relative to Pions?
They are more unstable
38
What is the stability of Pions, relative to Kaons?
They are more stable
39
What are some different types of Kaons?
K⁺, K⁻, K⁰ | three different charges
40
How were Pions and Kaons discovered?
In cosmic rays
41
What is the source of Pions and Kaons?
Cosmic ray showers
42
Where can you observe the track of Pions and Kaons?
Cloud chamber
43
What interaction do Mesons interact with Baryons via?
Strong nuclear
44
What interaction do Baryons interact with Mesons via?
Strong nuclear
45
What are the products when a π⁻ interacts with a proton?
π⁰, neutron
46
What is the name of the classification of particles that feel the strong nuclear force?
Hadrons; baryons and mesons
47
What is the name of the classification of particles that don't feel the strong nuclear force?
Leptons
48
Are electrons stable?
Yes
49
Are muons stable?
No
50
Are muons unstable?
Yes
51
Are electrons unstable?
No
52
What do muons eventually decay into?
Electrons
53
What is the neutrino of an electron?
v̅e
54
What is the neutrino of an muon?
v̅μ
55
What is the mass of a neutrino?
Almost zero
56
What is the charge of a neutrino?
Zero
57
What forces do neutrinos interact by?
Weak nuclear
58
What could a neutrino notably pass through without anything happening?
The Earth
59
What are the different types of Lepton number?
Le and Lμ
60
What is the opposite for lepton-antilepton pair?
Charge, lepton number
61
What is the same for lepton-antilepton pair?
Mass, rest energy
62
What is the charge on a μ⁻?
-1
63
What is the Le of a μ⁻?
0
64
What is the Lμ of a μ⁻?
+1
65
What is the Lμ of a μ+?
-1
66
What is the charge on a μ+?
+1
67
What is the exchange particle of the electromagnetic interaction?
Virtual photon γ
68
What is the exchange particle of the weak interaction?
W-boson
69
What is the exchange particle of the strong interaction?
Pions
70
Are pions stable?
No
71
Are kaons stable?
No
72
What do kaons decay to?
Pions
73
What is the Le of an electron?
+1
74
What is the Le of an electron-neutrino?
+1
75
What are quarks?
The fundamental particle ('building blocks') for hadrons
76
When is strangeness conserved?
In the strong interaction
77
Is strangeness conserved in the strong interaction?
Yes
78
Is strangeness conserved in the weak interaction?
No
79
How many quarks are baryons made of?
3
80
What is the quark structure of a proton?
uud
81
What is the quark structure of a neutron?
udd
82
What is the quark structure of a meson?
Quark and antiquark
83
What is the quark composition of a π+ ?
up / anti-down
84
What is the quark composition of a π0 ?
up / anti-up OR down / anti-down
85
What is the quark composition of a π- ?
down / anti-up
86
What is the strangeness of a pion?
Zero
87
What is the quark composition of a K+ ?
up / anti-strange
88
What is the quark composition of a K0 ?
down / anti-strange
89
What is antiparticle of a K+ ?
K-
90
What is antiparticle of a K- ?
K+
91
Can you have a single quark on its own?
No

A-Level Physics (13 decks)

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