ASD and ADHD Flashcards
What is ADHD?
I attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity inconsistent with the child’s developmental age
2 Diagnostic Domains:
- Inattentiveness
- Hyperactivity
What’s the DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD Inattentiveness domain?
DSM-5 requires at least 6 Sx from domain 1 AND/OR 6 sx from domain 2
- Lack of attention to detail
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Does not appear to listen
- Struggles to follow instructions
- Disorganized
- Avoids tasks requiring high cognitive demands
- Misplaces items
- Easily distracted
- Forgetful in daily activities
What’s the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHDs Hyperactivity/Impulsivity domain?
DSM 5 requires at least 6 sx from domain 1, AND/OR 6 sx from domain 2
- Fidgets with hands/feet, squirms
- Difficulty remaining seated
- Runs/climbs excessively
- Difficulty engaging in activities quietly
- “Driven by a motor”
- Talks excessively
- Blurts answers before questions are completed
- Difficulty waiting and turn taking
- Interrupts/intrudes on others
Typical development vs ADHD sx
Most sx of ADHD can easily be viewed as typical, and may very well be. Behaviors become atypical when they are inconsistent with developmental age and/or are having a negative impact on daily life.
—Are teachers concerned/academic concerns?
—Are there school discipline issues?
—Are parents concerned? Distressed?
—Is office exam difficult?
—are there consistent issues with siblings?
—Is there aggression towards self, others, or property?
What’s the prevalence of ADHD?
Children = 5% Adults = 2.5%
Male:Female= 2:1
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Impairments in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive behaviors/interests
ASD includes what was previously diagnosed as autism, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified PDD-NOS
What 3 areas are deficits seen in ASD?
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
—Abnormal social approach
—failure of normal back and forth conversation
—reduced sharing of interests/emotions
—failure to initiate or respond to social interactions - Deficits in non verbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
—Poorly integrated verbal and non verbal communication
—abnormalities in eye contact and body language
—lack of understanding and use of gestures
—lack of facial expressions and non verbal communication - Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
—Difficulties adjusting behavior to fit various social contexts
—Difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends
—absence of interest in peers
What are early ASD sx?
—Not smiling by 6 months of age
—Not babbling, pointing, or using other gestures by 12 months
—not using single words by 16 months
—not using two word phrases by 24 months
—have a regression in development, with any loss of language or social skills
What is the ASD prevalence?
1 in 54 children will receive an autism diagnosis
4:1 M:F
Most sx of autism present by what age?
Many sx of autism present by 12 months and autism is reliably diagnosed by 18 months
What is Early Intervention for ASD?
There’s a “critical window of opportunity” between 0 - 6 years old.
—The brain has a higher degree of plasticity when the child is younger.
—Intense intervention leads to increased degree of success in independence and outcome of skill development
—Many children with ASD receiving early intervention services move into general education classrooms by kindergarten
Potential included services: —Occupational Therapy —Physical therapy —Speech language therapy —Sensory integration therapy —Applied Behavior analysis with discrete trial training
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
Practiced by Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA).
—Focuses on skill acquisition across all domains
—Focuses on decreases challenging behavior
—The younger the client the more long term progress
—Most insurance companies now cover ABA with a diagnosis of autism for children
—BCBAs work in private clinics, hospitals, state departments, and schools
