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Fundamentals of Nursing Lec > Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

freedom from disease-causing
microorganisms

A

Asepsis

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2
Q

Two types of Asepsis

A
  1. Medical Asepsis/clean technique
  2. Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
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3
Q

Types of Asepsis
- all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to an
area.

A

Medical Asepsis/clean technique

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4
Q

Types of Asepsis
- practices that
keep an area or object free from all microorganism

A

Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique

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5
Q

state of infection and can take many forms, including septic shock

A

Sepsis

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6
Q

Types of microorganisms
that cause infections has 4 Categories

A
  1. BACTERIA
  2. Viruses
  3. FUNGI
  4. PARASITES
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7
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- most-common infection-causing microorganism
- Can be transported
through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate
objects

A

BACTERIA

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8
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Consist primarily of nucleic acid
- Must enter living cells in order to reproduce

A

Viruses

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9
Q

Common examples of viruses

A
  • Rhinovirus (colds)
  • Hepatitis
  • Herpes
  • HIV
  • SARS-CoV-2 or Covid 2
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10
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Yeasts and molds

A

FUNGI

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11
Q
  • fungus that lives on your body in small amounts, located in your mouth, skin and intestines
A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

4 Categories of microorganisms that cause infections
- Live on other living organisms
- they are Protozoas

A

PARASITES

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13
Q

Examples of Parasites

A
  • Malaria
  • Helminths (worms)
  • Anthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)
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14
Q

it is when microorganisms invades a certain body part where the host’s defense
mechanisms are ineffective; pathogens causes tissue damage

A

INFECTION

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15
Q

TYPES OF INFECTIONS

A
  1. Local
  2. Systemic
  3. Acute
  4. Chronic
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16
Q

Identify the type of infection
- Limited to a specific part of the body

A

Local

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17
Q

Identify the type of infection
- The microorganism spread and damage different body parts

A

Systemic

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18
Q

Identify the type of infection
- sudden
- Last a short time

A

Acute

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19
Q

Identify the type of infection
- Slowly
- May last months or years

A

Chronic

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20
Q

Examples of infection
- blood culture
is (+) of microorganisms

A

Bacteremia

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21
Q

Examples of infection
- bacteremia
resulting in systemic
infection

22
Q
  • Associated with the deliver of health care services in a health care facility
  • can be Endogenous or exogenous
Study These Flashcards
A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

23
Q

Common microorganisms associated with NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • enterococci
24
Q
  • Infection that is a Direct result of
    diagnostic or therapeutic infections
  • Common example: IV
    infiltration or
    extravasation
Study These Flashcards
A

IATROGENIC INFECTION

25
Fact
NOT ALL NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ARE IATROGENIC, NOR ARE ALL NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS PREVENTABLE.
26
CHAIN OF INFECTION
1. Biological Agent 2. Reservoir - source of microorganisms 3. Portal of Exit 4. Mode of Transmission 5. Portal of Entry 6. Susceptible Host 7. cycle repeats
27
3 ways microorganisms can travel
1. Direct Transmission 2. Indirect Transmission 3. Airborne Transmission
28
Identify which of the 3 ways microorganisms can travel is being described - Immediate and direct transfer; or if the source and host are 3 feet of each other - touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse - Sneezing, coughing, spitting, talking
Direct Transmission
29
Identify which of the 3 ways microorganisms can travel is being described - vehicle-born or vector-borne
Indirect Transmission
30
Indirect Transmission can be.....
- Vehicle-born transmission - Vector-borne transmission
31
substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport /introduce an infectious agent. Note: inanimate objects or materials
Vehicle-borne
32
animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means to transport an infectious agent.
Vector-borne
33
CATEGORIES of body defenses
- Nonspecific Defenses - Specific Defenses
34
2 Nonspecific defenses
- Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers - Inflammatory Response
35
Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
-Intact skin and mucous membranes -Nasal passages: cilia -Body orifice: saliva -Eye: tears -Stomach: high acidity -Vagina: Lactobacilli
36
defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent
Inflammation
37
5 signs of Inflammatory Response
1. Pain 2. Swelling 3. Redness 4. Heat 5. Impaired function of the part, if severe.
38
2 SPECIFIC DEFENSE
- Antibody-Mediated Defenses - Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity
39
Antibody-Mediated Defenses
Antibodies/Immunoglobulins -part of body’s plasma proteins. -major types: active and passive
40
Host produces antibodies in response to artificial antigens (vaccines) or natural antigens (infectious microorganisms)
Active Immunity
41
-Acquired Immunity -The host receives natural (e.g., from a nursing mother) or artificial (e.g., from an immune serum) antibodies produced by another source.
Passive Immunity
42
Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity
-lymphoid tissues release large numbers of activated T cells into the lymph system. -these T cells pass into the general circulation
43
FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION
1. Age 2. Heredity 3. Level of Stress 4. Nutritional Status 5. Current medical therapy 6. Preexisting medical process
44
Antiseptic and Disinfectant are both ___________
have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. 45
45
DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING - used on skin or tissue
Antiseptic
46
DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING - used on inanimate objects
Disinfectant
47
DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING - destroys all microorganisms
Sterilization
48
Methods of Sterilization
- Moist Heat - Gas - Boiling Water - Radiation
49
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
✗Gloves ✗Gowns ✗Mask ✗Eyewear
50
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION - Airborne Precaution
- Private room that has a negative pressure; room with another client infected with the same microorganism - N95 respirator - surgical mask on the patient during transport
51
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION - Droplet Precaution
- Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism - mask if working within 3 feet - surgical mask on the patient during transport
52
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION - Contact Precaution
- Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism - gloves; gown if with possibility of contact with infected surfaces

Fundamentals of Nursing Lec (11 decks)

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