Asepsis & Hygiene Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Hygiene
A
Practices that help in promoting health through personal cleanliness
2
Q
3 layers of skin
A
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous layer
3
Q
Functions of skin
A
- protect inner body
- regulate temp
- sensory info
- assist in converting precursors to Vitamin D
4
Q
Mucous membranes
A
- line body passages
- line conjunctiva of eye
5
Q
What do goblet cells secret?
A
mucus
6
Q
What is hair made up of ?
A
Keratin
7
Q
Function of hair?
A
helps prevent heat loss
8
Q
What are nails made up of?
A
keratin
9
Q
Function of Nails?
A
provide protection to digits
10
Q
Teeth
A
- enamel is keratin
- exposed portion is the crown
- portion below the gum is the root
- adults have 28 to 32 teeth
11
Q
What is bathing?
A
hygiene practice in which a person uses soap and water
12
Q
Advantages to bathing?
A
- eliminate odors
- reduce potential for infection
- stimulate circulation
- self-image
13
Q
Sitz Bath
A
immersion of buttocks and perineum in small basin of circulating water
14
Q
Sponge bath
A
applications of tepid water to the skin with a sponge
15
Q
Medicated bath
A
soaking and immersing in a mix of water and another substance
16
Q
Whirpool bath
A
warm water that is continuously agitated within a tub or tank
17
Q
Bed bath
A
washing with a basin of water at bedside
18
Q
Bag bath
A
kit with 8 to 10 wipes
19
Q
Towel bath
A
single large towel to cover and wash patient
20
Q
Perineal care
A
- techniques used to cleanse perineum
- especially important after a vaginal delivery or gynecologic or rectal surgery
21
Q
What position do you put a female in for perineal care?
A
Dorsal recumbent
22
Q
Steps for shaving
A
- prepare a basin of water, soap, face cloth, and towel
-wash the skin with warm water
-lather skin w/soap or shaving cream
-start at the upper areas of the face
-pull the skin taught
-pull razor in direction of hair growth
-rinse after each stroke
apply aftershave
23
Q
Oral hygiene
A
practices used to clean the mouth
24
Q
tooth brushing
A
soft bristled toothbrush to toothpaste 2x a day
25
Flossing
removes plaque and food debris that tooth brushes miss
26
Oral care for unconscious patients
- needed more frequently
- have suction available
- tilt head foward
- use little amounts of water
27
sordes
dried crusts containing mucus,microorganisms and epithelial cells
28
denture care
clean with toothbrush, denture cleanser and cold or tepid water
29
Hair care and shampooing
- brush hair slowly and carefully
- brush hair to increase circulation and distribution of sebum
- obtain familys permission before cutting the hair
- hair should be washed as often as necessary
30
Steps to nail care
- soak hands and feet in warm water
- clean under nails with wooden stick
- push cuticles back
- use a handheld electric rotary file
- avoid sharp or jagged points
31
Safety concerns with nail care
- sharp or jagged points
| - skin and nail impairment
32
Eyeglass care
- hold glasses by nose or ear braces
- run tepid water over lenses
- wash with soap
- rinse and dry clean with soft cloth
33
Types of contact lenses
hard, soft, or gas permeable
34
Artificial eye care
- occasional cleaning
| - irrigate socket with warm water or saline before reinserting
35
Types of hearing aids
- in the ear
- canal aids
- behind the ear
36
Microorganism
living animals or plants visible only through a microscope
37
Nonpathogen
harmless, beneficial
38
Pathogen
causes illness
39
Communicable disease/ contagious disease/ community-acquired infection
disease that can be transmitted to other people
40
Virulence
ability to overcome the immune system, how strong it is
41
Bacteria
- single-celled microorganisms
| - appear in various shapes
42
Viruses
smallest microorganism
43
Fungi
yeasts and molds
44
Rickettsia
fleas, ticks, lice, mites
45
Protozoans
single-celled animals classified according to their ability to move
46
Mycoplasms
no cell wall, assume various shapes
47
Helminthes
infectious worms
48
Prions
a protein containing no nucleic acid
49
Antibiotic drug resistance
germs develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them
50
What do microorganisms need to survive?
warmth, darkness, oxygen, water, nourishment
51
spore
temporarily inactive microbial life form that can resist heat and destructive chemicals and can survive without moisture
52
Biologic defense mechanisms
chemical, mechanical
53
Mechanical defense mechanism
physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from entering the body
54
Chemical defense mechanism
destroy microorganisms through natural biologic substances
55
Chaim of infection (IREMPS)
- Infectious agent
- reservoirs
- portal of exit
- means of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
56
Opportunistic infections
infectious disorders among people with compromised health
57
Methods of transmission
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- droplet
- airborne
- vehicle
- vector
58
Direct contact
actual physical transfer from one infected person to another
59
indirect contact
contact between a susceptible person and a contaminated object
60
Droplet
transfer of moist particles from an infected person who is within a radius of 3 ft
61
Airborne
movement of microorganisms attached to evaporated water droplets or dust particles
62
Vehicle
transfer of microorganisms present or in contaminated items (food, water, medications, devices, equipment)
63
Vector
transfer of microorganisms from an infected animal carrier
64
Common infections in elderly?
pneumonia, influenza, uti, skin infections, TB
65
Infection that results 2x more often in elderly who live communally
TB
66
Asepsis
practices that decrease or eliminate infectious agents
67
Aseptic practices
- using antimicrobial agents
- hand hygiene
- protective garments
- containing soiled materials appropriately
- keep environment as clean as possible
68
Nonsocomial infection
hospital acquired infection
69
Example of a nonsocomial infection
MRSA
70
Antiseptics
inhibit the growth but do not kill microorganisms
71
Disinfectants
destroy active microorganisms but not spores
72
Antibacterials
alter the metabolic processes of bacteria but not viruses
73
Antivirals
control viral replication
74
What is needed to clean your hands?
soap,water,friction
75
How long should you wash your hands?
minimum of 20 seconds
76
Hand antisepsis
removal and destruction of transient microorganisms with soap and water
77
Uniforms
wear only when working with patients
78
Scrub suits and gowns
worn instead of a uniform, mandatory in some areas of the hospital
79
Masks
help prevent droplet and airborne transmission of microorganisms
80
Respirators
filter very small particles that may contain viruses by 95%
81
Gloves
barrier to prevent direct contact
82
Hair and shoe covers
reduce the transmission of pathogens present on hair and shoes
83
Protective eye wear
essential when there is a possibility that bodily fluids will splash into the eyes
84
Utility rooms
- 2 utility rooms, 1 clean and 1 dirty
| - place garments in appropriate rooms
85
Waste receptacles
waste baskets, suction and drain containers
86
concurrent disinfection
measures that keep the pt environment clean on a daily basis
87
terminal disinfection
measures used to clean a pt environment after discharge
