Asepsis/Infection Control

Question 1

Native Immunity (passive)

Answer 1

Provides the early line of defense.. Restricts entry of foreign organism through activation of phagocytic cells. (ex: skin, mucous membranes; secretions, inflammatory response)

Question 2

What is the first line of defense?

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

True or False
We are born with native (passive) immunity

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Why is inflammatory response important?

Answer 4

To prevent infection

Question 5

What is stage 1 inflammatory response?

Answer 5

Redness
Warmth
Edema

Question 6

What is stage 2 inflammatory response?

Answer 6

Micro-organisms are killed
WBCs accumulate and educate appears

Question 7

What is stage 3 inflammatory response?

Answer 7

Remodelling and Maturation of the skin.. Damage tissue replaced by scar tissue

Question 8

What is the difference between local inflammation and systemic inflammation?

Answer 8

Local: not infection
Systemic: overall body change (infected and into the bloodstream)

Question 9

What are the symptoms for local inflammation?

Answer 9

Erythema (redness)
Edema (swelling)
Function loss
Heat
Pain

Question 10

Specific Adaptive Immunity

Answer 10

Antibodies produced in response to an antigen
(if you had influenza, you have a specific adaptive immunity to it, or if you get a vaccination for influenza)

Question 11

What are the symptoms for systemic inflammation?

Answer 11

Fever (tachycardia, tachypnea)
Leukocytosis (increased WBCs)
Nausea
Fatigue
Enlarged lymph nodes

Question 12

True or False
We are born with specific adaptive (active) immunity

Answer 12

FALSE
We receive the immunity as time goes on (booster for a vaccine)

Question 13

What are the 6 terms that are involved in the Chain of Infection?

Answer 13

Infectious (causative) agent
Reservoirs
Portals of exit
Mode of transmission
Portals of entry
Susceptible host

Question 14

Causative agent

Answer 14

bacteria, virus, fungus, prion, parasite

Question 15

Reservoir

Answer 15

human, animal, food,organic matter on inanimate surfaces, water, soil, insects

Question 16

Portal of exit

Answer 16

means for leaving (blood, secretions, excretions, skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, ect)

Question 17

Mode of transmission

Answer 17

contact (physical, contact, droplet, airborne, vector borne)
how did the infectious agent transfer to the human, inanimate object, ect)

Question 18

Portal of entry

Answer 18

the host (mucous membrane, respiratory, digestive, broken skin)

Question 19

Susceptible host

Answer 19

immunocompromised, breaks in skin, diabetes, burns, surgery, age

Question 20

What is Health Care Associated Infection (HAI)?

Answer 20

An infection that a patient acquires while receiving care in a healthcare setting (aka nosocomial infection)

Question 21

Medical Asepsis vs Surgical Asepsis

Answer 21

medical: clean techniques used for all patients on bedside (administering medications, NG tubes, personal hygiene
Surgical: sterile technique typically used in the OR (indwelling catheters, surgical procedures, sterile dressing changes)

Question 22

Standard Precautions

Answer 22

used for all patients

Question 23

Contact Precautions

Answer 23

Precautions used within 3 ft from the patient
CDiff, MRSA

Question 24

Airborne Precautions

Answer 24

used to protect against infections smaller than 5mcg
Measles, Varicella, TB

Question 25

Droplet Precautions

Answer 25

used to protect against infections larger than 5mcg and travel 3-6 ft Mumps, Influenza, Pertussis

Question 26

What is a protective environment?

Answer 26

a private room with positive airflow that protects immunocompromised patients

Question 27

List the correct order for donning PPE

Answer 27

Gown Mask/ respirator Goggles Gloves (covering the cuff of the gown)

Question 28

List the correct order for doffing PPE

Answer 28

Gloves Goggles Gown Mask/ repirator

Question 29

What PPE would you use for standard precautions?

Answer 29

1. hand hygiene 2. if there is potential splashing, wear masks, eye protection, and face shield. 2. gloves

Question 30

What PPE would you wear for airborne precautions?

Answer 30

1. hand hygiene 2. gown 3. masks/N95 4. face shield if exposed to any bodily fluids 5. gloves

Question 31

What PPE would you wear for droplet precautions?

Answer 31

1. handwashing 2. gown 3. mask 4. gloves

Question 32

What PPE would you wear for contact precautions?

Answer 32

1. hand washing 2. gown 3. gloves