Asepsis & Infection Control

Question 1

smallest infectious agent

Answer 1

Viruses

Question 2

single celled reproduced quickly

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

single celled found in soil (most do not cause disease)

Answer 3

Protozoans

Question 4

complex cell structure (most do not cause disease

Answer 4

Fungi

Question 5

cause disease

Answer 5

Parasites

Question 6

What are the 5 microorganisms

Answer 6

Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoans
Fungi
Parasites

Question 7

What is in the chain of infection? (6 things)

Answer 7

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Host

Question 8

Microorganisms need what to grow?

Answer 8

Proper temperature
pH
moisture level

Question 9

animal, insect or human body where pathogen is growing (carrier, unaware of presence of pathogen)

Answer 9

Reservoir host

Question 10

resistant to pathogens and the disease they cause

Answer 10

Immunity

Question 11

If defenses are not functioning properly:

Answer 11

person will become susceptible to invasion and infection

Question 12

What are the 3 lines of defense?

Answer 12

Intact skin
Normal flora
Staying healthy

Question 13

the presence of a pathogen in or on the body

Answer 13

Infection

Question 14

mechanisms to protect us against pathogens in general

Answer 14

Nonspecific defenses

Question 15

Examples of nonspecific defenses

Answer 15

Species resistance 
Mechanical barriers 
Chemical barriers 
Fever 
Inflammation 
Phagocytosis

Question 16

naturally exposed to an antigen (usually long lasting) Best way to get immunity

Answer 16

Naturally acquired active

Question 17

being injected with a pathogen (immunizations or vaccines)

Answer 17

Artificially acquired

Question 18

immunity through his mother (short-lived)

Answer 18

Naturally acquired passive

Question 19

immunity when person is injected with antibodies (short-lived, 2-3 weeks)

Answer 19

Artificially acquired passive

Question 20

must spread to another host by some means of transmission

Answer 20

Means of transportation

Question 21

living organisms, insects or person

Answer 21

Vectors

Question 22

inanimate objects such as clothing, water, food

Answer 22

Fomites

Question 23

Susceptible host is determined by (8)

Answer 23

Age
Genetic predisposition
Nutritional status
Disease process
Stress levels
Hygiene habits, intact skin and mucous membranes
Healthy immune system: Use of steroids/biological drugs
Use of invasive or indwelling medical devices

Question 24

How do we break the chain of infection with etiologic agent?

Answer 24

Correctly cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing articles before use

Question 25

condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled

Answer 25

Asepsis

Question 26

Clean technique - based on maintaining cleanliness to prevent spread of microorganisms

Answer 26

Medical asepsis

Question 27

reduction of the number of microorganisms, removing germs-not killing

Answer 27

sanitation

Question 28

destruction of infectious agents on an object except spores-chemicals to kill the germs—cannot kill spores (dormant bacteria)

Answer 28

disinfection

Question 29

removal of all microorganisms including spores

Answer 29

Sterilization

Question 30

Keep the surgical environment completely free of all microorganisms.

Answer 30

Surgical Asepsis

Question 31

examples of surgical asepsis (4)

Answer 31

inserting an indwelling catheter administering an injection surgical environment inserting intravenous access

Question 32

What does OSHA Provide?

Answer 32

Exposure control Plan must be created Training provided &must provide all PPE Hep B vaccination for all HC workers

Question 33

an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious.

Answer 33

Universal Precautions definition per OSHA

Question 34

Combination of Universal Precautions and rules to reduce the risk of disease transmission. Used for the care of all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status.

Answer 34

Standard Precautions

Question 35

Donning PPE order

Answer 35

Gown Mask Goggles Gloves

Question 36

Removing PPE order

Answer 36

Gloves Goggles Gown Mask

Question 37

Signs of Localized Infection (5)

Answer 37

Localized swelling Localized redness Pain or tenderness with palpation or movement (gloves) Palpable heat in the infected area Loss of function of the body part affected

Question 38

Signs of Systemic Infection (5)

Answer 38

Fever Increased pulse and respiratory rate if the fever high Malaise and loss of energy Anorexia and, in some situations, nausea and vomiting Enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes that drain the area of infection

Question 39

Signs of infection from the lab

Answer 39

``` Elevated WBC count- neutrophylls, lymphocytes Elevated ESR (erythroycyte sedimentation rate) ```

Question 40

an infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

Answer 40

Iatrogenic

Question 41

when the causative organism is acquired from other people (salmonella, fungal infection)

Answer 41

Exogenous

Question 42

Urinary Tract Surgical or Traumatic Wounds Respiratory Tract Bloodstream

Answer 42

Sites for HAIs

Question 43

Interval between the pathogen entering the body & the presentation of the first finding

Answer 43

Incubation

Question 44

Interval from onset of general findings to more distinct findings; during this time, the pathogen multiplies

Answer 44

Prodromal stage

Question 45

Interval when findings specific to the infection occur

Answer 45

illness stage

Question 46

Interval when acute findings disappear, total recovery taking days to months

Answer 46

Convalescence

Question 47

Droplet precautions

Answer 47

>5mcg travel 3-6 ft from client strepth, pneumonia

Question 48

Airborne precautions

Answer 48

smaller than 5 mcg N95 measles, varicella