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Asexual and sexual reproduction Flashcards

(66 cards)

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0
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The 2 members of a pair of chromosomes

contains genes for the same traits

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1
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Formation of gametes (eggs and Sperm )

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2
Q

Diploid number

A

The number of chromosomes found Ina couple set of chromosomes found j all body cells
2n

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3
Q

Haploid number (monoploid)

A

1/2 the diploid number of chromosomes

Found in eggs and sperm

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4
Q

Gametes

A

Eggs and sperm

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5
Q

Gonads

A

Specialized organs In higher animals where the gametes are made

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6
Q

Ovaries

A

Females gonads

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7
Q

Placental mammals

A

Young develop in the mother

Have birth or naval cord

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9
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads

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10
Q

Marsupial mammals

A

Young develop in a pouch outside mother

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11
Q

Monotremes

A

Eggs laying mammals

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12
Q

Uterus

A

Organ in a females where the zygote becomes attached and the embryo is emplaned

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13
Q

Placenta

A

Organ which temporarily attaches the embryo to the inner wall of the uterus

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14
Q

Aquatic vertebrates

A

Fertilization and development is external

Lay eggs with no parental care

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15
Q

Reptiles

A

Fertilization occurs internally
Development occurs externally
Lay eggs with little parental care

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16
Q

Birds

A

Internal fertilization
External development
Lay eggs with much parental care

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17
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Attaches embryo to the placenta

Contains 2 arteries and a vein

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18
Q

Amnion

A

Contains fluid which protects the embryo agains mechanical or physical injury

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19
Q

Mammary glands

A

Produce milk for nutrition in the newborn

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20
Q

After birth

A

Discharge of the umbilical cord and placenta after birth (1/2 to 2hrs)

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21
Q

Cleavage

A

Rapid cell division of the zygote after fertilization until the blastula stage is reached
No increase in zygote size occurs
Since mitosis forms these cells, each formed will have the same genetic information

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22
Q

Blastula

A

Hollow ball surrounded by a single layer of cells

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23
Q

Gastrula

A

A 2 layered and then a 3 layered structure which results form indentation of one sided the blastula

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24
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer layer

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25
Mesoderm
Middle term
26
Endoderm
Inner layer
27
Aging
Come series. Of development changes which occur with the passage of time
28
Death
Irreversible end of all brain functions
29
Testes
Make and store sperm
30
Scrotum
Saclike pouch which houses the testes | 1-2 degree Celsius below normal body temperature
31
Seminiferous tubules
Carries and stores sperm from the testes
32
Epididymis
Temporary storage organ for the sperm at the beginning of Vas Deferens
33
Vas Deferens
tube which carries the Soren past 3 lubricating glands
34
Vasectomy
Removal or tie up of the vas Deferens
35
Prostate glands
Produces an alkaline fluid which neutralizes the urine in the urethane
36
Urethra
Opening of the penis
37
Penis
Releases the semen
38
Semen
Liquid loaded with sperms
39
Ejaculation
The release of semen
40
Ovaries
2 near the midline back Fully developed by puberty Produces eggs
41
Oviducts | Fallopian tubes
Muscular contractions of the oviduct and and beating of its cilia ovum into the oviduct
42
Uterus
Spongy bed in which the zygote will become implanted and develop Fast riparian and further embryonic development occurs here
43
Cervix
Narrow neck of the uterus | Cancer is called PAP smear detects
44
Vagina
Opening to the outside of the body
45
Testosterone
Produces by the testes | Stimulates sperm productions and secondary sex characteristics development in the male
46
Progesterone
Prepare the uterus for pregnancy | Produces by the ovaries
47
Estrogen
Produced by the ovaries | Stimulates the development of the female secondary sex characteristics
48
FHS
Follicle stimulating hormone Produces by the pituitary Stimulates the development of the follicle
49
LH
Lutenionizing hormone Stimulates the development of the corpus Lutem Produced by the pituitary
50
Meiosis
Process which involves 1/2 the reduction division of chromosomes number
51
Mitosis
Method of cell division in non sex cells | Involves one replication and one division of chromosome material so the chromosome number is produced by the same parent
52
Interphase
Resting phase | Chromosomes are replicated
53
Chromatin
Chromosomes are not distinguishable under a light microscope
54
3 parts of interphase
G1: growth one phase(organelles grow) 4hrs S:synthesis phase(replication of chromosomes material) 10hrs G2: more organelle and cell growth (4 hrs)
55
Prophase
Centrioles begin to separate
56
Centromere
Center or chromosome hold the chromatid together
57
Metaphase
Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell connected by spindle fibers
58
Anaphase
Centromeres replicate and each double chromosomes separates to form two chromosomes
59
Telophase
Spindle apparatus disappears | New nuclear membrane begins to form
60
Cancer
Uncontrolled cellular mitotic divisions
61
Binary fission
Equal division of the cytoplasm and nucleus of an organism resulting in two new organisms
62
Budding
Nucleus of an organisms cell divides equally but the cytoplasm divides unequally
63
Regeneration
The development of an entire new organism from part of an original organism
64
Sporulation
Produces spores-single specialized cells which are released from the parent
65
Runners
Part of a plant that is growing falls into the soil and begins to germinate and grow offspring identical to the neighboring parent plant
66
Vegetative propagation
Complete new plant develops from part of the original plant

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