Asexual Prop Concepts-Test 2

Question 1

Name 4 reasons to use asexual plant propagation methods.

Answer 1

1. Maintenance of Clones; 2. Avoidance of Long Juvenile Periods; 3. Propagation of Seedless Plants; 4. Economics.

Question 2

What is a “Mother Plant?”

Answer 2

A mother plant is a source of cuttings to clone plants.

Question 3

A “Mother Plant” should be propagated by seed. (True or False)

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What is the reason a “Mother Plant” should not be used indefinitely?

Answer 4

Mutation

Question 5

Why is it better to propagate an orchid plant asexually?

Answer 5

An asexually propagated orchid will produce flowers sooner than one planted from seed. Some orchids take 10 years to bloom.

Question 6

Genetic mutation of plants is bad. True or False

Answer 6

FALSE. Some genetic mutations are good, like the seedless Naval Orange.

Question 7

Rooting hormone helps Totipotency. True or False

Answer 7

TRUE. Rooting hormone makes it easier to propagate.

Question 8

Approximately 80% of plants propagated in the US are done by cuttings. True or False

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

What is the term used to describe roots that form on the stem of a plant?

Answer 9

Adventitious roots.

Question 10

Name the two transporting tissues inside vascular plants.

Answer 10

Xylem and Phloem

Question 11

Name the cells that make up the outer layers of the plant stems and leaves.

Answer 11

Parenchyma cells

Question 12

Herbaceous plants produce roots outside while woody plants usually produce them between the cambium and phloem. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Name 4 types of Stem Cuttings.

Answer 13

1. Herbaceous; 2. Hardwood; 3. Semi-hardwood; 4. Softwood

Question 14

Should hardwood cuttings be taken during dormancy or growing season?

Answer 14

Dormancy

Question 15

Hardwood cuttings require a greenhouse or heat to root. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 15

FALSE

Question 16

Why are hardwood cuttings able to be stored for a long period of time?

Answer 16

Hardwood cuttings can be stored for a long period of time because they are rich in carbohydrates and will not transpire.

Question 17

When is the best time to take semi-hardwood cuttings?

Answer 17

Semi-hardwood cuttings are best taken in early spring or summer from a new flush of growth.

Question 18

Semi-hardwood cuttings need moisture. TRUE or FALSE.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Where would you find softwood to make a cutting on a woody plant?

Answer 19

Softwood cuttings are taken from succulent young but rigid stems that are not woody.

Question 20

When can you successfully take cuttings from herbaceous plants?

Answer 20

Anytime.

Question 21

Herbaceous cuttings require bottom heat and humidity. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 21

TRUE.

Question 22

Describe techniques for taking cuttings.

Answer 22

1. Cut a uniform length; 2. Select a cutting with a terminal bud; 3. Cut just below the node; 4. Remove the bottom leaves to prevent rot.

Question 23

Describe the steps used in the lab for propagating by cutting.

Answer 23

1. Fill a flat 3/4 full with perlite; 2. Wash cuttings in soapy water and dry. 3. Take a final cut below the node; 4. Dip bottom of cutting in rooting hormone; 5. Stick the cutting in the perlite flat (not all the way to the bottom; 5. Label the flat with the plant name and date. 6. Place the flat on the misting bench in the greenhouse; 7. Create a propagation card.

Question 24

Name 3 BMP’s for cuttings.

Answer 24

1. Make cuttings a uniform length; 2. Keep cuttings moist in bucket or ice chest; 3. Wash cuttings with soapy water.

Question 25

How can you eliminate pathogens from cuttings?

Answer 25

You can eliminate pathogens by soaking in Physan or a weak solution of bleach and water.

Question 26

Viruses are not seed borne. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

What types of cuttings should be wounded before dipping in rooting hormone?

Answer 27

Hardwood cuttings should be wounded (smashed) to expose more of the cambium to the rooting hormone.

Question 28

Polarity refers to what in planting cuttings?

Answer 28

Polarity refers to making sure that you are planting your cutting right side up. The shoot tip should be facing upward.

Question 29

What material is used as rooting media for cuttings?

Answer 29

Perlite is the rooting media used for cuttings.

Question 30

What do hormones do for plants?

Answer 30

Hormones control what each cell in a plant becomes (leaf, flowers, fruit, roots).

Question 31

Temperature is considered a hormone to plants. TRUE or FALSE.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Name the 4 major hormones for plants.

Answer 32

1. Auxin; 2. Cytokinin; 3. Gibberellin; 4. Abscisic Acid

Question 33

What is Auxin and what is it used for?

Answer 33

Auxin is a hormone used to initiate the formation of adventitious roots.

Question 34

What is Cytokinin and what is it used for?

Answer 34

Cytokinin is a hormone found only in living tissue. It is essential in stimulating cell division.

Question 35

What is Gibberellin and what is it used for?

Answer 35

Gibberellins are homones that are important in propagating plants from seeds. They also break dormancy and expands buds/flowers.

Question 36

What is Abscisic Acid and what is it used for?

Answer 36

Abscisic acid is a hormone used by plants and seeds to promote dormancy.

Question 37

What are the two parts that form the union in a graft?

Answer 37

1. Rootstalk; 2. Scion

Question 38

The characteristics of the rootstock are not passed on to the scion. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 38

FALSE

Question 39

Give 5 reasons for grafting.

Answer 39

1. Change the stature of a mature plant; 2. Increase disease or climatic resistance; 3. Aesthetic reasons; 4. Save a plant that has been damaged; 5. Propagate a plant; 6. Have more than one variety on the same plant; 7. Increase productivity, hasten maturity and fruit production.

Question 40

Name two ways to change the stature (size) of a mature plant.

Answer 40

1. Graft a normal sized plant onto a dwarf rootstock; 2. Graft a dwarf plant onto a rootstock that will maintain the small stature.

Question 41

What is the reason to graft heirloom tomatoes onto a hybrid rootstalk?

Answer 41

High quality heirloom tomatoes are susceptible to a variety of diseases. Grafting onto a hybrid rootstock provides immunities to diseases.

Question 42

Name 5 parts that make up the layers of a vascular woody stem.

Answer 42

1. Bark; 2. Pith; 3. Cambium; 4. Xylem; 5. Phloem

Question 43

Name 6 types of grafts.

Answer 43

1. Cleft or Wedge; 2. Splice; 3. Saddle; 4. Topworking; 5. Chip or Bud; 6. Veneer

Question 44

How many growing seasons do we have and what are they?

Answer 44

There are two growing seasons and they are the warm-dry season and cool-moist season.

Question 45

Which two months should you not plant in for fruits/vegetables?

Answer 45

You should not plant in July and August.

Question 46

Which months are considered the cool season?

Answer 46

The cool season is October through April.

Question 47

Which months are considered the warm season?

Answer 47

The warm season is May through September.

Question 48

What parts of the plant do we eat on vegetables?

Answer 48

We eat the roots, shoots, leaves, and flower buds of vegetables.

Question 49

During which season do you use the multiple crop planting system?

Answer 49

The cool season uses a multiple crop planting system.

Question 50

Vegetables are crops without seeds. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

How many times will you need to fertilize your crops in the cool season?

Answer 51

Twice.

Question 52

How many times will you need to fertilize your crops in the warm season?

Answer 52

3-4 times

Question 53

Seed packets show the correct times to plant. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 53

FALSE

Question 54

Grafted plants must be closely related. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

The graft union should be planted less than 1 inch above the soil. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 55

FALSE. The union should be 2-5 inches above ground.

Question 56

What type of soil is used for containers?

Answer 56

man-made/soiless

Question 57

Why is important to know your soil texture?

Answer 57

Soil texture determines how fast water moves through the soil and how well it holds moisture.

Question 58

What is the most important thing you can add to improve any soil?

Answer 58

Compost

Question 59

Tilling is good for the soil. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 59

FALSE.

Question 60

What are the 3 primary elements that make up natural soil?

Answer 60

1. Sand; 2. Silt; 3. Clay

Question 61

How does mulching affect the temperature of the soil?

Answer 61

Mulch keeps the soil cooler in summer and warmer in winter.

Question 62

Which type of fertilizer is best for outdoor plants, liquid or solid?

Answer 62

Solid

Question 63

What are the 6 macronutrients for plants?

Answer 63

1. Nitrogen; 2. Phosphorus; 3. Potassium; 4. Sulfur; 5. Calcium; 6. Magnesium

Question 64

Name 3 micronutrients for plant growth.

Answer 64

1. Iron; 2. Manganese; 3. Copper; 4. Zinc; 5. Boron; 6. Chloride; 7. Molybdenum

Question 65

Plant nutrients are most available at what pH?

Answer 65

Neutral-7

Question 66

Sodium makes nutrients unavailable. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 66

TRUE

Question 67

Which macronutrient is most for plants?

Answer 67

Nitrogen

Question 68

What does the N-P-K represent on fertilizer?

Answer 68

N= Nitrogen; P=Phosphorus; K=Potassium

Question 69

Which soil amendment is typically added to Basic/Alkaline soils to improve it?

Answer 69

Gypsum

Question 70

Why is nitrogen important to plants?

Answer 70

Nitrogen provides energy for photosynthesis.

Question 71

Where can nitrogen be found?

Answer 71

Nitrogen is found in the atmosphere and in dead things like compost.

Question 72

Why is phosphorus important to plants?

Answer 72

Phosphorus is important for cell division; making flowers and fruit.

Question 73

Where can phosphorus be found?

Answer 73

Phosphorus is found in rocks.

Question 74

Why is potassium important to plants?

Answer 74

Potassium promotes root development and supports systems like metabolism.

Question 75

Where can potassium be found?

Answer 75

Potassium is found in rocks.

Question 76

What is the importance of sulfur for plants?

Answer 76

Sulfur supports metabolism.

Question 77

Where can sulfur be found?

Answer 77

Sulfur is found in organic material.

Question 78

Why is calcium important for plants?

Answer 78

Calcium provides strength to the cell walls and is necessary for fruit, flowers, and seeds.

Question 79

Where is calcium found?

Answer 79

Calcium is found in soil and organic material.

Question 80

Why is magnesium important to plants?

Answer 80

Magnesium supports respiration (ion pump) and helps with absorption of calcium.

Question 81

Where is magnesium found?

Answer 81

Magnesium is found in rocks/soil. Epsom salt is magnesium.

Question 82

Which Western Sunset Garden Zone is Victor Valley College in?

Answer 82

Zone 11

Question 83

Which USDA zone is Victor Valley College located in?

Answer 83

Zone 8b