Asexual Reproduction and Cloning

Question 1

Stages of the Cell Cycle

Answer 1

Interphase: the portion of the cell cycle where the cell grows and carries out its regular normal function
Mitosis: the process by which a eukaryotic cell divides the genetic material in its nucleus into two new identical nuclei
Cytokinesis: the stage when the cell splits into two genetically identical offspring

Question 2

Interphase and Chromosomes

Answer 2

• During interphase, DNA is found in the form of chromatin, long thread like structure
• DNA replicates itself to form sister chromatids (combine to make a new chromosome)
• SC are connected in the middle by a centromere

Question 3

4 stages of mitosis

Answer 3

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 4

1. Prophase

Answer 4

• Chromosomes thicken and shorten
• Small proteins called centrioles move to opp. ends of the cell to prep for splitting (create spindle fibers)
• Nuclear membrane starts to dissolve to prepare for seperation

Question 5

2. Metaphase

Answer 5

• Chromosomes begin to travel and line up in the middle of the cell
• Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each chromosome

Question 6

3. Anaphase

Answer 6

• Centromeres divide splitting chromosomes into 2 sister chromatids
• Sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 7

4. Telophase

Answer 7

• Now named “chromosomes” reach
  opposite ends of the cell, begin to
  unwind
• Spindle fibres dissolve, nuclear
  membrane begins to form around the
  chromosome, resulting in two
  daughter nuclei
• Cell membrane pinches in the middle

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

• The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic
  cell divides to form two new cells
• New cellular membrane closed
  among two new identical
  daughter cells
• Cell now re-enters interphase

Question 9

Cloning

Answer 9

• the process of producing one individual that is genetically identical to another, using a single cell or tissue
• Cloning is found in the research field of biotechnology, which strives to use living things in engineering, industry, and medicine.

Question 10

Animal Cloning

Answer 10

• In 1996 Dolly the sheep was born

Question 11

Pros of cloning

Answer 11

• Mass production of livestock and crop plants
• Cloning endangered species
• Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) (insulin gene put in plants to produce insulin)

Question 12

Cons of cloning

Answer 12

• Lack of diversity in the species themselves, make them susceptible to any environmental changes
• Some people will be deterred from drinking milk from a clone cow or eating cloned plants
• GMO’s are considered “unnatural” and “unholy”
• Highly expensive!