Asexual reproduction and mitosis Flashcards
Asexual reproduction, cell cycle, and mitosis (25 cards)
What are the three main characteristics of asexual reproduction?
1) Only requires one parent
2) New generation gets 100% of their DNA from the one parent (its a clone)
3) The new generation is identical to the generation before it.
What are the 5 main types of asexual reproduction?
1) Binary fission
2) Budding
3) Fragmentation
4) Spore formation
5) Vegetative reproduction
What is binary fission?
A form of asexual reproduction where one parent cell splits into two new daughter cells
What is budding?
A form of asexual reproduction where buds develop on the parent body and detach once they are mature
What is fragmentation?
Fragments of the parent body develop into new organisms
What is spore formation?
The parent plant sends out spores which will develop into new clones. The spores are distributed by wind, water, and animals.
What is vegetative reproduction?
Also called vegetative propagation
A new plant grows from a fragment or bud of the parent plant
What kind of cells undergo mitosis
(There are two requirements)
Cells that are both eukaryotic and somatic
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus (not bacteria or archaea)
What is a somatic cell?
A non-reproductive cell (not a sperm or egg cell)
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase and M phase
What happens during cytokinesis?
Organelles and cytoplasm are divided equally and the dividing cell pinches off to form two new daughter cells
What four things happen during interphase?
1) The cell grows
2) The cell copies its organelles
3) The cell copies its DNA
4) The cell checks DNA for damage
Why is it important for the cell to check DNA for damage before dividing?
To prevent any mistakes in the DNA from being passed on to the daughter cells. Some mutations can cause disease and cancer >:(
What form is DNA in during interphase
Chromatin (looser)
What are the four stages of mitosis
PMAT
1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase
What is the last stage of M phase that comes after mitosis
Cytokinesis
What three things happen during prophase?
1) Chromatin tightens into chromosomes
2) The centrosome forms the spindle apparatus
3) The nuclear membrane dissolves
What happens during metaphase?
The microtubules of the spindle apparatus move the chromosomes along the middle of the cell
What happens during anaphase?
Microtubules of the spindle apparatus pull sister the sister chromatids towards opposite sides of the dividing cell
What three things happen during telophase?
(Opposite of prophase)
1) The chromosomes loosen back into chromatin
2) The spindle apparatus apparatus is disassembled
3) The nuclear membrane reforms
