Asia

Question 1

Angkor State

Answer 1

• rulers on Tonle Sap wanted to expand authority
• self-sufficency across empire made authority unstable
• each region can hold their own, but by coersion expaned their rule
• united by Jayavarma II, angkor state featured temple complexes, canals & incriptions
  -Jayvamar II presented himself as god on earth, reincarnation of siva

Question 2

Angkor Wat

Answer 2

• size: 5000 ft x 4000 ft
• artificial reserviors called barrays, symbolize the oceans that surround mound meru
• largest over 5 mils long & 1 mile wide
• Bayan tree “strangler fig” as it grows into the cracks of scultupre, splits apart structure both preserving and damaging it. symbolism

Question 3

Anyang

Answer 3

• capital city of the Shang Dynasty
• built around major palace

Question 4

Baekje

Answer 4

• one of three kingdoms of Korea
• developed after the sahan states duing korean 3 kingdoms period
• influences by chinese culture and writing
• dominant kingdom

Question 5

Barrays

Answer 5

• artifical reservoirs in angkor region
• symbolized oceans around mount meru
• largest over 8x25 k
• served ritual and irrgation purposes

Question 6

Borobudur

Answer 6

• largest Buddhist structure, located in Mataram, Java
• demonstrates state level control and religious influence in early Southeast Asia

Question 7

Bronze

Answer 7

• occupational specialiation
• indepdently invented in china
• used for tools weapons and ritual items
• higher quality than Mesopotamian bronze resistant to erosion

Question 8

Flood Control

Answer 8

• key feature in Indus Valley cities like Mohemjo-Daro
• used fortification walls and artificial elevation to protect against annual floods
• urban planning and city longevity

Question 9

Ganges River Plain

Answer 9

• became central after 1500 bce following decline of the indus valley
• region of rice cultivation and iron metallurgy
• shifted focus away from indus valley

Question 10

Goguryeo

Answer 10

• one of koreas three kingdoms
• developed after gojoseon
• engaged in military and political competition w neighboring states

Question 11

Gojoseon

Answer 11

legendary korean kingdom
- had local pottery and bronze tools thorugh trade w china
- conquered by the han dynasty, starting history of chinese- korean power struggle

Question 12

Harappa

Answer 12

• one of 5 major cities of the indus valley
• built on artificial mounds to avoid flooding

Question 13

Indus River Valley

Answer 13

• aka harappan civilization
• cities like harappa and mohenjo-daro build on artifical mounds to protect aginst flood
• known for urban planning, flood control, and trade
• cities decline due to flooding, erosion, river course changes
• shifted to ganged river plain
• area absored into persian empire

Question 14

Indus River Script

Answer 14

• pictographic writing system,
  still undeciphereed
• language unknown

Question 15

Jade

Answer 15

• valued material in Shang China
• used in artifacts and elite burials
• part of occupational specialziation w ivory and silk

Question 16

Java

Answer 16

• island home to kingdoms like Mataram and Majapahit
• fertile land due to volcanos, used for rice farming
• site of borobudur

Question 17

Khmer

Answer 17

• ethnic group associated w the angkor state
• built angkor wat and developed complex religious political systems

Question 18

Majapahit

Answer 18

• indonesian empire that unified the archipelago (single state level power)
• king portrayed as avatars of god vishnu
• central power/ vassal states
• declined due to succession conflicts and was taken over by the malaka sultanate
• still hindu but this was the start of islam

Question 19

Malaka Sultanate

Answer 19

• took over after Majapahit’s decline
• marked shift toward islamic influence in inodnesia

Question 20

Markets

Answer 20

• found in cities like mohenjo-daro, including bazaars tenements, and workshops
• reflect a stratified society and economic complexity

Question 21

Meluhha

Answer 21

• mesopotamian name for the indus valley civilization
• trade partner providing ivory, oils, gold, silver, lapis, carnelian

Question 22

Mohenjodaro

Answer 22

• largest Indus Valley City
• had a citadel, urban layout, sewer system, and the great bath
• population 35-40k with rich and poor neighborhoods
• artificially riased above the floorplain
• the citadel - fortified home of the rulers and elites

Question 23

Scapulomancy

Answer 23

• oracle bones
• divine practice using animal shoulder bones, esp deer
• part of shang ritual, bone heated and cracked then carved w oracle inscriptions

Question 24

Shang

Answer 24

• more likely foundations of a large chinese empire
• chinese dynasty w/ class based society
• rulers and noble lived segreated
• most lived in scattered agriculture commmunities
• known for oracle bones, bronze, military, writing system

Question 25

Standing Military

Answer 25

- Shang Dynasty - maintained a permanent armed force - enable territortial control and elite power

Question 26

Sumatra

Answer 26

- indonesian island, part of the region controlled by srivijaya and later majapahit - important for spice and maritime trade

Question 27

The Citadel at Mohenjodaro

Answer 27

- fortified area housing the rulers and elites - included the great bath, monumetal buildings, and urban planning

Question 28

The Great Bath

Answer 28

- monumental structure in Mohenjodaro - likely used for ritual purification - central public religous feature

Question 29

Urban Planning

Answer 29

- seen in Indus Valley Cities, including formal street grids, drainage systems, artficial elevation - indicated centralized control and engineering expertise