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ASIA test Flashcards

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1
Q

What should you identify for each clinical test listed?

A

Which tract(s)/pathway(s) are being tested.

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2
Q

Which spinal cord injury syndrome involves complete transection?

A

Complete transection.

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3
Q

What is the appropriate test for Hemi-cord syndrome?

A

Tests appropriate for Hemi-cord syndrome.

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4
Q

What does small central cord syndrome affect?

A

Small central cord syndrome affects the central part of the spinal cord.

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5
Q

Which tests are appropriate for anterior cord syndrome?

A

Tests appropriate for anterior cord syndrome.

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6
Q

What is the focus of posterior cord syndrome?

A

Posterior cord syndrome affects proprioception and vibration sense.

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7
Q

Conus medullaris syndrome is associated with which spinal cord segment?

A

Conus medullaris syndrome is associated with the conus medullaris.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the C5 motor test?

A

Assess muscle strength in SCI.

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9
Q

What muscle is tested during the C5 motor assessment?

A

Biceps Brachii/Brachialis.

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10
Q

What is the grading scale for muscle strength testing?

A
  • 0: Total Paralysis
  • 1: Palpable or visible contraction
  • 2: Active movement, full ROM with gravity eliminated
  • 3: Active movement, full ROM against gravity
  • 4: Active movement, full ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
  • 5: Normal active movement, full ROM against gravity and full resistance
  • NT: Not testable.
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11
Q

How should the patient be positioned for the C6 motor test?

A

Supine, shoulder in neutral, elbow extended, and forearm pronated.

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12
Q

What muscles are tested during the C7 motor assessment?

A

Triceps muscles.

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13
Q

What is the main muscle tested in the C8 motor assessment?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the T1 motor test?

A

Abductor digiti minimi.

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15
Q

What muscle group does L2 test?

A

Hip flexors; iliopsoas muscle.

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16
Q

What does L3 motor assessment focus on?

A

Knee extensors (rectus femoris).

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17
Q

What muscle does L4 test?

A

Anterior tibialis.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the L5 motor test?

A

Extensor hallucis longus.

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19
Q

What muscles are assessed in the S1 motor test?

A

Gastroc and soleus.

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20
Q

How is sensory testing graded?

A
  • 2: Intact (5/5)
  • 1: Impaired (4/5 minimal, 2-3/5 moderate)
  • 0: Absent (inability to feel anything).
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21
Q

Which sensory test is used for C2?

A

Light touch and pin prick.

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22
Q

What area is tested for C3?

A

Supraclavicular fossa.

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23
Q

Where is the sensory area for C4 located?

A

AC joint.

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24
Q

What is the sensory testing site for C5?

A

Lateral side of antecubital fossa just proximal to elbow.

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25
Which area corresponds to C6 in sensory testing?
Proximal phalanx of the thumb.
26
What area is tested for C7?
Dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of middle finger.
27
What is the sensory testing area for T9?
T9 area.
28
What is the purpose of exposing the area to be tested?
To allow for accurate testing of sensation by rolling up or removing clothing.
29
How do you reference the test for T9?
Lightly touch the midclavicular line, three quarters of the way down from the xiphisternum to the umbilicus.
30
What should the patient do when they feel the touch during T9 testing?
Close their eyes and say 'yes' when they feel the touch.
31
What is the correct response recording method for T9 testing?
Record the amount of correct responses after repeating the touch 5 times.
32
To test T10, where should the clinician lightly touch?
At the midclavicular line at the level of the umbilicus.
33
What is the procedure for testing T11?
Lightly touch the midclavicular line, midway between the level of the umbilicus and the inguinal ligament.
34
How is T12 tested?
Lightly touch at the midclavicular line, over the midpoint of the inguinal ligament.
35
What is the location for testing L1?
Midway between the key sensory points for T12 and L2.
36
Where should the clinician touch to test L2?
mid thigh - can touch any where in that area, but main spot is along medial/inner thigh
37
What area should be tested for L3?
The medial femoral condyle above the knee.
38
For L4 testing, where should the clinician lightly touch?
Over the medial malleolus.
39
Where is the touch applied to test L5?
The dorsum of the foot at the third metatarsophalangeal joint.
40
How is S1 tested?
Lightly touch the lateral aspect of the calcaneus.
41
What is the testing method for S2?
Lightly touch the midpoint of the popliteal fossa.
42
Where should the clinician touch to test S3?
Over the ischial tuberosity or infragluteal fold.
43
How is S4/S5 tested?
Lightly touch the perianal area with cotton, less than 1 centimeter lateral to the musculocutaneous junction.
44
What does a normal functional sensation grading indicate?
Intact 5/5 sensation.
45
What does an impaired functional sensation grading indicate?
1-4/5 correct responses, or 5 probes correct but feels different from reference.
46
What is the significance of a tuning fork in vibration testing?
It provides clearer separation of normal from abnormal vibratory sensation.
47
What is the purpose of stereognosis testing?
To assess the ability to perceive and integrate a variety of sensory modalities and to identify small objects placed in their hand.
48
What is the purpose of proprioception testing?
To assess the static joint position sense.
49
What is the purpose of kinesthesia testing?
To assess the ability to detect movement in space.
50
What is the normative data for two-point discrimination on fingertips?
2-5 mm.
51
What is graphesthesia testing used for?
To assess the ability to identify a number or letter drawn onto the hand while vision is occluded.
52
In two-point discrimination, what should be recorded?
The probe separation distance that was scored 'normal' for a given test site.
53
What is the purpose of the sensory input assessment?
To assess the ability to use sensory input to identify a number or letter drawn onto the hand while vision is occluded ## Footnote This assessment helps determine if a patient has intact or impaired sensation.
54
What equipment is needed for the sensory input assessment?
Fine-tipped pencil or stick ## Footnote This tool is used for drawing letters or numbers on the patient's hand.
55
What is the recommended patient position during the assessment?
Supine or sitting ## Footnote The position should be comfortable for the patient to facilitate the assessment.
56
What position should the clinician take during the assessment?
Standing or sitting beside the patient ## Footnote This position allows for direct interaction and easier drawing on the patient's hand.
57
What should the clinician explain to the patient before starting the procedure?
Explain and demonstrate the procedure to the patient with their eyes open on their uninvolved hand ## Footnote This helps the patient understand what to expect during the assessment.
58
How many times should the stimulus be repeated during the assessment?
3-5 times ## Footnote Repeating the stimulus helps confirm the patient's ability to identify it consistently.
59
What types of stimuli should be used for the drawing assessment?
Letters or numbers that don’t involve lifting the stimulus from the patient’s hand ## Footnote This ensures a continuous drawing experience for the patient.
60
What is the focus of the temperature assessment?
Ability to perceive the difference between hot and cold stimuli ## Footnote This assessment is crucial for understanding thermal sensation.
61
What should the clinician do to demonstrate the temperature assessment?
Explain and demonstrate the procedure to the patient with their eyes open using a reference area ## Footnote This step ensures the patient knows how to recognize hot and cold stimuli.
62
What should the patient do before the temperature assessment begins?
Close their eyes ## Footnote Closing their eyes helps occlude vision for an accurate assessment of temperature perception.
63
What types of probes can be used for the temperature assessment?
Test tubes filled with hot/cold water, hot or cold (but not wet) surface of a metal spoon or fork ## Footnote These tools provide effective means to test thermal sensation.
64
Which body parts are typically assessed for temperature sensation?
Hands and feet ## Footnote These areas are commonly tested due to their sensitivity and importance in assessing overall sensation.

Neuro & imaging (11 decks)

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