Asian Regionalism Flashcards
(30 cards)
- The formal process of intergovernmental collaboration between two or more states.
- It is also the expression of a common sense of identity and purpose combined with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within a geographical region.
Regionalism
- From previous studies, this refers to the increasing global relationships of culture, people and economic activity. - Most often as the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through the reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees and import quotas.
Globalization
- A term used to explain, justify and anticipate the rapid expansion and intensification of social relations across world time and space (Steger, 2013)
Globalization
Asia Pacific & South Asia:
Northeast Asia, SEA, Pacific Islands, South Asia
Diversity: most progressive:
South K, Japan, Singapore;
Most poor:
Cambodia, Laos, Nepal;
Most populated:
China and India
– committing more resources and attention to the region
Pacific Pivot
movements for nationalism and independence emerged
19th& 20thcentury:
– Influenced by external forces
– Case of Japan and US
World War II
– Japan, Korea and Taiwan (1980s and 1990s)
– Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam (late 1980s and 1990s)
– SEA tigers: reliance on infusion of foreign capital
Adoption of export oriented growth
– The cornerstone of economic liberalization and globalization in post war global economy
– Case of Indonesia: Suharto regime and its story
– Case of Thailand: export oriented growth
– Case of Philippines: cozy relationship with F. Marcos
IMF and WB (Bretton Wood System)
– Root cause: Poor policies, weak government, corruption, poor institutions; inadequate liberalization
– Globalization played a role in the 1997 crisis
– Showed how deeply integrated the economy was in the global financial system
Asian Financial Crisis
– Rise of China: Deng Xiaoping 1970s: economic reform
– liberalization of the economy:
Experienced high level of growth and became more integrated into the global economy
– Rise of India: Liberalized their economy in 1991; increased trades and FDI in textile and service sector
Liberalization of Economy
- will play an increasingly important role in the shift in the balance of global demand and change over the next few decades.
- Its rise may present many challenges, but it will also open up new and unprecedented opportunities for the region and for the world.
the Asian middle class
- states pool their sovereignty in a way that limits their autonomy in deciding over issues, whether economic, military or political in nature.
SUPRANATIONALISM
- Integration based largely on the principle of non-interference or intervention in domestic matters.
INTERGOVERMENTALISM
- Former colonies need mechanisms to administer their own domestic affairs and their relations between themselves, with their colonizers, and with other states in general. It is important to manage these areas well as they can be a conflictual process. They do this by entering into regional arrangements
Management of independence
States need to manage their economic, political, and social interdependence with other states.
They set down norms and rules by which they can collectively achieve such goals as security, trade, and investments. Regional norms and rules are expected to shape the behavior of member states.
Management of interdependence
States need to manage their affairs in a multilateral, interstate system. Proponents of regionalism as building blocks argue that:
1. Such arrangements promote internal and international dynamics that enhance the prospects for multilateralism;
2. Regionalism can have important demonstration effects in accustoming actors to the effects of liberalization;
3. Increased numbers of regional arrangements can weaken opposition to multilateral liberalization because each successive arrangement reduces the value of the margin of preference;
4. Regional agreements are often more to do with strategic or political alliances than trade liberalization; and 5. Regionalism has more positive than negative political effects.
Management of internationalization
• Formed on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration)
ASEAN SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE
Founding Father of ASEAN
- Adam Malik (Indonesia)
- Narciso R. Ramos (Philippines)
- Tun Abdul Razak (Malaysia)
- S. Rajaratnam (Singapore)
- Thanst Khoman (Thailand)
(1) to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian nations.
(2) to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter.
ASEAN Declaration
– ASEAN Free Trade Agreement
1992
