ASO LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

Question 1

what bacteria is the one we test for ASO latex agglutination test

Answer 1

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 2

in terms of lancefield group, what group do streptococcus pyogenes do belong?

Answer 2

group A

Question 3

streptococci are divided into how many groups?

Answer 3

20

Question 4

what is the hemolytic pattern of group A streptococcus

Answer 4

alpha - partial hemolysis and a greenish discoloration

Question 5

what is the main virulence factor of streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 5

m protein

Question 6

the virulence factor of streptococcus pyogenes - M protein functions as

Answer 6

as inhibitor of phagocytosis

Question 7

what are the exo enzymes of streptococcus

Answer 7

streptolysin O
streptokinase
hyaluronidase
DNAse B
NADase

Question 8

among the exoenzyme of streptococcus pyogenes, which one is the most immunogenic(capable of inducing immune reactions) - can cause antibody reaction

Answer 8

streptolysin O

Question 9

among the exoenzyme of streptococcus pyogenes, which one is the oxygen stable and not capable of inducing immune reactions) -

Answer 9

streptokinase

Question 10

what is the general rule of ASO latex agglutination test?

Answer 10

always use 2 antibodies

Question 11

the exo enzyme of streptococcus pyogenes that it lyses the rbc and also known as oxygen labile

Answer 11

streptolysin O

Question 12

the exo enzyme of streptococcus pyogenes that inhibits clotting - mechanism to isolate infection

Answer 12

streptokinase

Question 13

the exo enzyme of streptococcus pyogenes that is the spreading factor

Answer 13

hyaluronidase

Question 14

the exo enzyme of streptococcus pyogenes that destroys dna

Answer 14

DNAse B

Question 15

the exo enzyme of streptococcus pyogenes that destroys NAD

Answer 15

NADase

Question 16

what are the ways of streptococcus pyogenes to counter attack

Answer 16

–avoid wbc
–inactivate complementary system
–inhibits phagocytosis - using protein and capsule to inactivate it

Question 17

the presence of polysaccharide capsules are usually seen in __ they can inhibit phagocytosis using capsule that evolves from their cell body

Answer 17

Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, yersinia pestis, haemophilus influenzae

Question 18

hall marks or the signs for streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 18

upper respiratory tract infection (pharyngitis and tonsilitis)

Question 19

skin infections caused by streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 19

skin infection (skin impetigo)
streptococcal pyoderma
Erysipelas- form of skin infection
cellulitis - inflammation of folicles
toxic shock syndrome

Question 20

inflammation of follicles

Answer 20

cellulitis

Question 21

gastrointestinal tract infection

Answer 21

puerperal sepsis

Question 23

___ - characterzied by rashes. Second disease causing rash

Answer 23

SCARLET FEVER

Question 24

inflammation of the middle ear

Answer 24

otitis media

Question 25

first disease causing rash

Answer 25

measles

Question 26

cardinal signs of streptococcus pyogenes- caused by pyrogenic exotoxins of S. pyogenes

Answer 26

strawberry colored tongue

Question 27

a further consequences of having strepto (aftermath)

Answer 27

damaging sequale

Question 28

2 damaging sequale

Answer 28

1. acute rheumatic fever 2. post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 29

the antibodies will attach the antigens in the heart and kidney that is similar to the antigen for strepto - called ___

Answer 29

cross reaction/reactivity

Question 30

IN ORDER TO DETECT ANTIGENS WE USED THE what assay?

Answer 30

LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY ASSAY

Question 31

what is the principle of aso slide method or the aso latex agglutination test

Answer 31

Passive/ Indirect Agglutination

Question 32

bacterial screening for screening is the

Answer 32

BACITRACIN TEST - susceptible in bacitracin test

Question 33

confirmatory test for S. pyogenes

Answer 33

positive in PYR - Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase

Question 34

detection of antibodies is LONG terms as it can detect the PAST infection as well true or false

Answer 34

true

Question 35

ASO LATEX REAGENT

Answer 35

Suspension of polystyrene particles sensitized with Streptolysin O

Question 36

Analytical Sensitivity

Answer 36

200 IU/mL

Question 37

positive for aso latex agglutination test

Answer 37

if titer is > 200 IU/ml

Question 38

3 reagents used for aso slide method

Answer 38

ASO LATEX REAGENTS ASO POSITIVE CONTROL ASO NEGATIVE CONTROL

Question 39

all reagents contain ___ as a preservative

Answer 39

0.1% sodium azide

Question 40

ASO SLIDE METHOD

Answer 40

1. Allow each components of the test kit (reagents, controls) to reach room temperature. 2. Gently shake the latex reagent to disperse the particles. 3. Place a drop of undiluted serum into a circle of a test slide. 4. Add one drop of ASO Latex reagent next to the drop of serum. 5. Spread the reagent and serum sample over the entire area of the test circle using a separate stirrer for each sample. 6. Gently tilt the test slide backwards and forwards for two minutes. 7. Observe and interpret the results.

Question 41

Diagnosis of the probability for sequelae S. pyogenes infection

Answer 41

ASO TUBE TEST

Question 42

type of dilution for aso tube test

Answer 42

Compound dilution

Question 43

Principle for aso tube test

Answer 43

NEUTRALIZATION/Enzyme inhibition test

Question 44

Multi-Enzyme test to detect Antibody to the multiple exoenzymes of S. pyogenes

Answer 44

Streptozyme Test

Question 45

PRINCIPLE of streptozyme test

Answer 45

Passive Hemagglutination

Question 46

reagents used for streptozyme test

Answer 46

Formalinized/ Aldehyde fixed sheep RBCs coated with exoenzymes of S. pyogenes

Question 47

how many tubes are used for aso tube test

Answer 47

14 tubes

Question 48

what is the titer for aso tubes test

Answer 48

Titer: last tube with no hemolysis