ASRT Exam #2 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
The carina: (select all that apply)
Is the bifurcation at the level of T4-T5.
Typically correlates to the ‘angle of Louis’.
Forms the beginning of the right and left main stem bronchi.
All of the above are correct.
A
All the above
2
Q
The pituitary can be located by identifying what skeletal structure in the skull? Cribriform plate Occipital foramen Sella tursica Glabella
A
Sella tursica
3
Q
Which of the following refers to a two dimensional image reconstructed from CT data that shows a beam's eye view of the treatment field? digitally reconstructed radiograph field size localization verification
A
DRR
4
Q
Intact breast treatment field borders are best described by which of the following?
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is just at the inframammary fold.
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is 2 cm below the
inframammary fold.
The superior border is at the midline of the sternum and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
The superior border is at the midline of the sternum and the inferior border is the midaxillary line.
A
The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle and the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold.
5
Q
Regarding the cell survival curve, \_\_\_\_\_ is determined by the final portion of the curve. It is an expression of radio sensitivity of the cell. Dq n n-1 D0
A
D0
6
Q
It is within the therapist's responsibilities to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ treatment when significant changes are noted in the patient's condition until the physician is consulted. administer implement withhold change
A
withhold
7
Q
The measurement of the thickness of a patient along the central axis (CA), or at any other point within the irradiated volume is known as: field size. planning target volume. separation. internal target volume.
A
separation
8
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ should be used to help hold a patient securely when transferring from a wheelchair to the table. transfer belt backboard sling footstool
A
transfer belt
9
Q
The concept that patients are treated as individuals and informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions. Autonomy Informed Consent Risk Management Incident
A
Autonomy
10
Q
Brachytherapy is commonly used for all of the following cancers, EXCEPT for \_\_\_\_\_ cancer. Cervical Breast Pancreatic Prostate
A
Pancreatic
11
Q
To do good and act in the best interest of the patient even if inconvenient and sacrifices must be made. Nonmaleficence Role Fidelity Autonomy Beneficence
A
Beneficence
12
Q
Common chemotherapy drugs used for treating breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT: Carboplatin paclitaxel (Taxol) Romidepsin (Istodax) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
A
Romidepsin (Istodax)
13
Q
The Ann Arbor staging system is commonly used to stage which cancers? Skin Endometrial Breast Lymphoma
A
Lymphoma
14
Q
The junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum is referred to as the: Sternal angle. Suprasternal notch. Costaphrenic angle. Xiphoid process.
A
Sternal angle.
15
Q
The benefits of brachytherapy include which of the following? Please select all that apply.
Can be performed on an out-patient basis
Has a shorter recovery time
Is a minimally invasive technique
Does not use ionizing radiation
A
Can be performed on an out-patient basis
Has a shorter recovery time
Is a minimally invasive technique
16
Q
Which is NOT used to achieve a uniform dose by compensating for missing or curved tissue? wedges shielding blocks MLC bolus
A
MLC
17
Q
All of the following are examples of external beam radiation treatment delivery methods, EXCEPT: 3D conformal. CBCT. IMRT. SBRT.
A
CBCT.
18
Q
Oral defamation is referred to as: Battery Assault Libel Slander
A
Slander
19
Q
For the treatment of prostate cancer, conventional doses consist of:
For the treatment of prostate cancer, conventional doses consist of:
4,500 cGy to 5,000 cGy.
5,500 cGy to 6,000 cGy.
6,500 cGy to 7,000 cGy.
7,500 cGy to 8,000 cGy.
A
7,500 cGy to 8,000 cGy.
20
Q
What is the MOST common type of radiation therapy used for cancer treatment? External beam radiation Brachytherapy Proton therapy Carbon ion therapy
A
External beam radiation
21
Q
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a tumor of: Smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle. Cartilage. Bone.
A
Skeletal muscle.
22
Q
What is the normal range of platelets in a healthy adult? 50,000 - 250,000 billion/L 150,000 - 450,000 billion/L 150,000 - 450,000 mc/L 50,000 - 250,000 mc/L
A
150,000 - 450,000 mc/L
23
Q
\_\_\_\_\_ is used to define the size and extension of a tumor at the time of diagnosis. Etiology Epidemiology Staging Grade
A
Staging
24
Q
In an isodose distribution, the point where the dose is set at 100% is called the: Isocenter. Scatter point. Central axis. Normalization point.
A
Normalization point.
25
The TNM staging system is a commonly used staging system in which "T" defines:
The size and extent of the primary tumor.
The status of lymph nodes and the extent of lymph node involvement.
The presence and extent of metastasis.
The type of cancer the patient has
The size and extent of the primary tumor.
26
TD 5/5 is defined as:
The dose that is necessary to control all but 5% of the tumors.
The total dose absorbed by the tissue irradiated over the 5 week treatment period.
The dose which will cause 5% of the population to experience a defined side effect within 5 years.
The whole body dose which will kill 5% of the population within 5 years.
The dose which will cause 5% of the population to experience a defined side effect within 5 years.
27
```
Rectal cancer typically spreads distantly to the:
Small intestine.
Liver.
Skull.
Peritoneal cavity
```
Liver.
28
```
Which cancer of the brain and/or spinal cord is the MOST likely to seed through the craniospinal fluid?
Medulloblastoma
Oligodendroglioma
Astrocytoma
Pituitary adenoma
```
Medulloblastoma
29
```
Which of the following is not one of the four R’s of radiation therapy?
reconfirmation
repopulation
repair
reoxygenation
```
reconfirmation
30
```
Effects on __________ cells may have a clinical impact.
germ
somatic
embryonic
free radical
```
germ
31
```
When using a custom cerrobend block, what needs to be added to the monitor unit calculations?
Tray factor
Mayneord f correction
Wedge factor
Compensator factor
```
Tray factor
32
```
The ethical principle that directs health care professionals to avoid harmful actions to patients.
Nonmaleficence
Role Fidelity
Autonomy
Beneficence
```
Nonmaleficence
33
```
What is the normal range of white blood cells in a healthy adult?
2,000 to 8,000 cells/mcL
3,500 to 10,500 cells/mcL
2,000 to 8,000 billion cells/L
3,500 to 10,500 billion cells/L
```
3,500 to 10,500 cells/mcL
34
```
The base of the tongue first spreads to what lymph node or lymph group?
Jugulodigastric
Submental
Retropharyngeal
Facial
```
Jugulodigastric
35
```
A PA only treatment field is an example of a ___ treatment.
2D
3D
complex
IMRT
```
2D
36
```
The cricoid cartilage is at which vertebral level?
C3
C6
C7
T2
```
C6
37
The __________ is legally responsible for providing detailed information to the patient to obtain a patient's informed consent.
physician
physician
radiation therapist
oncology nurse
care giver
38
```
The topographic anatomical landmark that correlates with thoracic vertebrae 2 (T2) is the:
Xiphoid process.
Manubrium.
Angle of Louis.
Body of the sternum.
```
Manubrium.
39
```
The opening between the stomach and the duodenum is the:
Pyloric sphincter.
Fundus.
Body.
Cardiac sphincter
```
Pyloric sphincter.
40
```
The primary lymphatic drainage of the testicle is the _______.
Superficial inguinal nodes
Common iliac nodes
Periaortic nodes
External iliac nodes
```
Periaortic nodes
41
```
The prostate can be located by the:
Iliac crest.
Acetabulum.
Ischial tuberosity.
Neck of the femur
```
Neck of the femur
42
```
The hard palate is part of which subdivision of the head and neck?
Nasopharynx
Oral Cavity
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx
```
Oral Cavity
43
```
All of the following can be used to aid in patient positioning, EXCEPT:
Field light.
Wall lasers.
Overhead laser.
Room lights.
```
Room lights.
44
```
Erythema typically occurs at:
1,000 - 2,000 cGy.
2,000 - 3,000 cGy.
3,000 - 4,000 cGy.
4,000 - 5,000 cGy.
```
2,000 - 3,000 cGy.
45
What is the equivalent square of a 7 x 12 cm field with a 2 x 2 cm square block?
6. 4 cm
7. 2 cm
8. 4 cm
8. 9 cm
8.9 cm
46
```
The scattering foil in a linear accelerator is used to:
Decelerate electrons within the field.
Produce the electrons.
Collimate electrons.
Broaden and flatten the electron beam.
```
Broaden and flatten the electron beam.
47
Which of the following is true regarding sensitive screening tests?
They are able to provide true negative results.
The prostate-specific antigen test is an example of a sensitive test.
They are able to provide a true positive result.
They are sensitive tests which are synonymous with those that are specific.
They are able to provide a true positive result.
48
```
The threshold radiation dose to the whole brain for necrosis or infarction is:
1,500 cGy.
2,300 cGy.
3,500 cGy.
4,500 cGy.
```
4,500 cGy.
49
```
A lateral decubitus position refers to having a patient:
Lie on their back.
Lie on their stomach.
Lie on their side.
Stand facing the machine.
```
Lie on their side.
50
```
_______ is the aggressiveness of a tumor based on the degree of differentiation.
Epidemiology
Etiology
Staging
Grading
```
Grading
51
```
The area of the lung where blood vessels and the primary bronchi enter and exit the lungs is termed the:
Apex.
Mediastinum.
Hilum.
Carina.
```
Hilum.
52
```
Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia and genetic effects follow a ____________ dose-response
relationship.
linear
nonlinear
nonlinear, threshold
linear, nonthreshold
```
linear, nonthreshold
53
```
Radiation exposure during the gestational period of _________ days usually affects the nervous system.
7 to 15
17 to 20
23 to 37
40 to 53
```
23 to 37
54
```
The MOST common site for heterotopic bone formation is the:
Olecranon process.
Acetabulum.
Humeral head.
Patella.
```
Acetabulum.
55
```
Which treatment delivery plan uses advanced technology to conform radiation beams to the shape of the tumor?
2D
3D
wedge pair
IMRT
```
IMRT
56
```
Therapists with higher emotional intelligence have more effective ______________ and patient care
skills.
information
Role Fidelity
respondeat superior
communication
```
communication
57
```
Topograms:
Are referred to as pilot or scout images.
Are used for patient alignment.
Define the CT scan range.
All of the above are correct.
```
All of the above are correct.
58
```
Exposure to low levels of radiation may produce:
Genetic effects.
Neoplastic disease.
A diminished life span.
All of the above.
```
All of the above.
59
```
Which of the following organs is most sensitive to radiation?
bladder
brain
liver
lung
```
lung
60
```
______ is considered the critical target because its ionization produces the greatest consequence to the cell.
water
nucleus
cellular membrane
DNA
```
DNA
61
```
The proper application of light pressure with fingers to the body is called ____________.
hygiene
contact
palpation
battery
```
palpation
62
```
Two power sources used to generate electromagnetic waves for the linear accelerator are the:
Magnetron and electron gun.
Magnetron and klystron.
Klystron and electron gun.
Electron gun and bending magnet.
```
Magnetron and klystron.
63
```
Which of the following tumor sites is MOST OFTEN treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)?
Extremity
Prostate
Larynx
Whole brain
```
Prostate
64
Ionic iodine contrast media is referred to:
As radiopaque and has a high osmolality rate.
As water soluble and has a low osmolality rate.
As water soluble and has a high osmolality rate.
Non-water soluble and has a low osmolality rate
As radiopaque and has a high osmolality rate.
65
```
A ______ break in the DNA is efficiently repaired and not significant for cell kill.
single strand
double strand
triple strand
proximal strand
```
single strand
66
```
When assisting a patient from a wheelchair to the treatment table, the patient's ________ should be
closer to the side of movement.
right
left
weaker
stronger
```
stronger
67
If a patient arrives with lab work results indicating a white bood cell count (WBC) of < 2000 g/dl, the
therapist should:
Continue treatment as usual.
Discontinue treatment for a few days.
Bring this to the radiation oncologist's attention prior to treatment delivery.
Treat the patient then, take the patient to see the radiation oncologist overseeing the patient after treatment is completed that day.
Bring this to the radiation oncologist's attention prior to treatment delivery.
68
```
A deliberate act wherein one person threatens to harm another person without consent and the victim perceives that the other has the ability to carry out the threat.
Battery
Assault
False Imprisonment
Slander
```
Assault
69
Which of the following describes CT simulation lasers? Please select all that apply.
Consist of a single overhead laser that moves to project the sagittal plane.
Are two vertical moving lateral lasers to project coronal plane.
Can be fixed lasers to project the transverse plane.
Consist of four overhead lasers to project the oblique plane.
Consist of a single overhead laser that moves to project the sagittal plane.
Are two vertical moving lateral lasers to project coronal plane.
Can be fixed lasers to project the transverse plane.
70
```
Individual treatment dose indicated in the prescribed dose is known as:
Protraction.
Treatment technique.
Fractionation.
Beam modifier.
```
Fractionation.
71
```
Vac Fix immobilization devices are used to immobilize all of the following parts of the body, EXCEPT the:
Pelvis.
Abdomen.
Chest.
Head and neck.
```
Head and neck.
72
```
Treatment that combines more than one method of treatment is known as:
Interdisciplinary.
Triform.
Multifocal.
Multimodality.
```
Multimodality.
73
```
What is the daily tolerance of the laser and treatment isocenter coincidence?
+/- 1 mm
+/- 2 mm
+/- 1 cm
+/- 2 cm
```
+/- 2 mm
74
```
The doctrine of ________________ describes how a person is injured through no fault of his/her own.
corporate liability
res ipsa loquitur
respondeat superior
assault
```
res ipsa loquitur
75
```
A highly reactive species with an unpaired valence or outer shell electron is known as a(n)?
ion
electron
free radicle
proton
```
free radical
76
```
Which of these devices may best be used to measure the dose at various points within a mantle field when treating a Hodgkin’s patient?
Film dosimetry
Geiger Mueller counter
Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Victoreen thimble chamber
```
Thermoluminescent dosimeter
77
```
The result of whole body irradiation to doses in the 1,000 - 5,000 cGy range which will result in system failure of the _____________ is manifested by infection, bone marrow depression, electrolyte imbalance, watery diarrhea, and denudation to the villi in the small intestines.
hemopoietic
gastrointestinal
cerebrovascular
respiratory
```
gastrointestinal
78
```
The most anterior lobe of the cerebrum is the:
Occipital lobe.
Parietal lobe.
Frontal lobe.
Temporal lobe.
```
Frontal lobe.
79
```
All of the following are contraindications for chemotherapy, EXCEPT:
Third trimester pregnancy.
Recent surgery.
Liver or kidney impairment.
Infection.
```
Third trimester pregnancy.
80
```
Indirect interaction of radiation and the cell is more likely to occur using which type of radiation:
protons.
high linear energy transfer (LET).
low linear energy transfer (LET).
electrons
```
low linear energy transfer (LET).
81
```
Human cells are most radiosensitive in the ______ cycle.
G1
G2
M
S
```
M
82
```
The equivalent square of a 4 x 10 cm field is:
40 cm.
20 cm.
5.7 cm.
2.8 cm.
```
5.7 cm.
83
The advantages of megavoltage beams for treatment of deep lesions are:
Lower skin dose and greater penetration.
Higher skin dose and greater penetration.
Lower skin dose and less penetration.
Higher skin dose and less penetration.
Lower skin dose and greater penetration.
84
```
The therapist creates ___________ images to demonstrate reproduction of the treatment area and verify correct beam placement.
localization
clinical
histogram
dosimetry
```
localization
85
```
Which of the following imaging techniques can produce a 4D image?
MV portal
KV portal
Cone beam CT
Orthogonol pair
```
Cone beam CT
86
```
Level II axillary lymph nodes lie:
Along each side of the sternum.
Near the coracoid process.
Lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle.
Under the pectoralis muscle.
```
Under the pectoralis muscle.
87
```
The penetration of x-ray through tissue is primarily a function of:
Milliampere-second (mAs).
Target-film distance.
Time of exposure.
Kilovoltage.
```
Milliampere-second (mAs).
88
```
Fractionated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) treatments are typically delivered over the
course of how many days?
1 to 5
1 to 7
1 to 10
1 to 14
```
1 to 5
89
```
Positioning aids consist of:
Prone pillows and head rests.
Large rubber bands.
Vac-Lock vacuum cushions.
Alpha Cradle foaming agent devices.
```
Prone pillows and head rests.
90
```
The goal of _______________ care is to help dying patients and their families by providing support for quality of life.
interventional
hospice
physical
endurance
```
hospice
91
Which of the following is TRUE regarding multileaf collimator (MLC) leaves?
They are made of lead
Wider leaf width increases conformality of the treatment field
Always replace a set of jaws in the collimator
Transmission is less than that through a cerrobend block
Transmission is less than that through a cerrobend block
92
During which stage of gestation is embryonic death and resorption the most common result of exposure to radiation?
preimplantation
major organogenesis
fetal growth stage
the risk is the same at all stages of gestation
preimplantation
93
```
Relative biological effect (RBE) refers to a comparison of the effect of radiation of a test type as compared to the effect of the standard of:
250 kV x-ray.
4MV x-ray.
Cesium- 137.
250 mEv.
```
250 kV x-ray.
94
```
Orthogonal films are two portal images that are captured ___ degrees apart
0
90
180
270
```
90
95
One rem is equal to:
0. 1 Sv
0. 01 Sv
0. 01 mSv
0. 1 mSv
0.01 Sv
96
```
Rising too quickly can cause dizziness and/or fainting which are symptoms of _______________ .
orthostatic hypertension
orthostatic hypotension
high blood pressure
support
```
orthostatic hypotension
97
```
Which type of interaction is sometimes described as true absorbtion?
Coherent scattering
Compton effect
Photoelectric effect
Pair production
```
Photoelectric effect
98
```
The process posterior to the earlobe that can be used to mark the inferior border of the whole brain field is the:
Styloid process.
Occipital process.
Mastoid process.
Zygomatic process.
```
Mastoid process.
99
```
The point in space relative to the treatment machine about which various components of the linear accelerator rotate is known as the:
Tumor.
Isocenter.
SSD.
SAD.
```
Isocenter.
100
```
What is the daily tolerance level of the optical distance indicator (ODI)?
1mm
2mm
3mm
functional
```
2mm
