Assesement

Question 1

name a method to quantify pain in order to document and track it

Answer 1

numeric pain rating scale(NPRS), visual analog scale (VAS); McGill pain questionaire (MPQ); Oswestry disability index (ODI); Wong-baker FACES scale

Question 2

what should a massage therapist do with the health history form once the client completes it

Answer 2

go over it with the client

Question 3

characteristics of client-reported pain that a therapist should find out

Answer 3

onset, quality(sharp , dull ,throbbing), radiation or referral patterns, what relieves or aggravates the pain

Question 4

unilateral decreased foot arch typically results in what positioning of the ipsilateral leg?

Answer 4

internal (medial ) rotation

Question 5

internal rotation of the upper extremities can result in the dorsal surface of the hand facing which direction during relaxed standing posture ?

Answer 5

anterior

Question 6

what are two characteristics of skin included in a thorough visual assessment

Answer 6

color and discoloration, presence of hair

Question 7

weakness of the dorsiflexors can result in what gait abnormality observed during gait assessment

Answer 7

foot drop

Question 8

The T8 spinous processes is approximately level with what boney landmark observed during posture assessment?

Answer 8

the inferior angel of the scapula

Question 9

what is a symptom of upper cross posture that can be observed from the side view?

Answer 9

forward head posture

Question 10

what general qualities of soft tissue are determined during a palpation assesment

Answer 10

temperature, texture, tone, soft tissue movements or restrictions

Question 11

a massage therapist has palpated a tight band of muscle that causes pain at another area when pushed. what has the therapist likely found?

Answer 11

a trigger point

Question 12

what bony landmarks of the pelvis can be palpated during a physical assessment?

Answer 12

anterior superior lilac spine (ASIS) ; posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS); iliac crest; sacroiliac joint

Question 13

a massage therapist palpates a trigger point at the supraspinatus. where would the client likely feel pain based on normal referral patterns

Answer 13

lateral deltoid region

Question 14

what is normal flexion PROM of the shoulder complex?

Answer 14

180 degrees ( includes glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement)

Question 15

this type of range of motion assessment is not affected by the clients strength

Answer 15

Passive range of motion (PROM)

Question 16

how is a bony block end feel described when documenting ROM assessment findings?

Answer 16

hard end feel

Question 17

what is normal ROM of wrist supination and pronation

Answer 17

80 degrees supination, 80 degrees pronation

Question 18

If correcting ROM restrictions is a primary treatment goal, when should measurments be taken

Answer 18

before and after treatment

Question 19

how should you document assessing ROM at a joint when the client stops you before reaching end range due to pain?

Answer 19

empty end feel/ stopped d/t pain

Question 20

what kind of special test attempt to reproduce the clients pain to identify the source?

Answer 20

provocation test

Question 21

when is the best time for the client to provide feedback?

Answer 21

at anytime; before, during, or after the massage

Question 22

what should the massage therapist do if a client reports pain that keeps them up at night and is not affected by movement or position?

Answer 22

this a red flag, refer them to a physician prior to treatment.

Question 23

a client presents with unidentified/undiagnosed signs and symptoms of fatigue, left leg swelling, warmth, redness, and pain at the thigh. what is the best action for the massage therapist to take?

Answer 23

refer client to physician before providing any treatment that may affect circulation ( there is a posibiliy of DVT)

Question 24

General observations include

Answer 24

• Skin : dry patches, blotches or red spots, acne unusual marks or moles, rashes, bruises wounds, scars
  
  • Movement quality: slow , stiff, fluid, controlled, unstable, guarded
  • Facial expression: smile, frown, nervous habit, furrowed brow, blank, serene
  • Level of communication: nonstop talking, talkative, quiet, non responsive, silent
  • Voice quality: loud, soft, weak, raspy, high pitched , low pitched-
  • Breathing : relaxed , diaphragmatic, chest breathing, labored, rapid, sighing, congested, wheezing, coughing–
  • Mental clarity: sharp, alert, fuzzy, vacant, distracted, forgetful, sleepy
  • Emotional state: relaxed, agitated, nervous, angry, worried, anxious

Question 25

sensing information about the client through touch. It is about the feel of tissue and of movement at joints. "an art and skill which involves (1) locating a structure, (2) becoming aware of its characteristics, (3) assessing its quality or condition to determine how to treat it (4) and to detect changes in quality or condition as a result of massage"

Answer 25

plapation

Question 26

what are following PALPATION descriptions for : hot / warm / cold / dry / damp / oily / hairless / hairy / smooth / rough / loose / taut / thin / thick / elastic / mobile / scarred

Answer 26

skin

Question 27

what are following PALPATION descriptions for: spongy / firm / hard / tough / pliable / soft / dehydrated / puffy / swollen / congested / grainy / smooth

Answer 27

Soft tissue (general)

Question 28

what are following PALPATION descriptions for: hypertonic / hypotonic / hard / firm / pliable / taut / taut bands / lax / knotty / smooth / ropey or ropeylike / stringy / spasm / relaxed

Answer 28

muscles and tendons

Question 29

what are following PALPATION descriptions for : adhering / sticking / moving freely / restricted / unrestricted

Answer 29

Fascia

Question 30

what are following PALPATION descriptions for : stiff / easy / free / clicking / hitches / glitches / crepetations / grinding / grating / stuck / bound / freely moving

Answer 30

joint movement

Question 31

what are following PALPATION descriptions for : strong / weak / fast / slow / even / uneven / regular / irregular

Answer 31

pulses

Question 32

what are following PALPATION descriptions for : stagnant / blocked / free flowing / pooled / fluid / excess / deficient

Answer 32

energy

Question 33

This Range of motion evaluation offers potential muscle and tendon problems. Document any deviation from normal, pain free movement in session notes. compare movement on both sides of the body (Ex. Apley Scrach Test, Internal rotation Test, Adduction Test )

Answer 33

(AROM) active range of motion

Question 34

This Range of motion evaluation offers potential ligaments and joint structures problems. Note any restrictions in movement, differences in left and right sides, or discomfort experienced by the client ( Ex. Compare degree of flexibility on both left and right sides)

Answer 34

(PROM) passive range of motion

Question 35

This Range of motion evaluation may simply be a sign of tense, shortened muscles that can benefit from increased circulation in the area, muscle relaxation, and lengthening of muscle fibers

Answer 35

Restricted range of motion (RROM)

Question 36

a branch of kinesiology and an important aspect in sports medicine. looks and analysis the body in motion, takes into account principles of motion and the structure and function of the human body, especially the muscles an skeletal system

Answer 36

Biomechanical analysis

Question 37

similar to a protractor used in geometry to measure angles, used to measure the range of motion quantitatively . takes some practice, and are used primarily for medical applications.

Answer 37

Geniometer

Question 38

- standing straight and tall - avoiding locking the knees - weight should be mostly over the balls of the feet not on the back of the heals / - head in alignment on top of the neck and spine - chin not pushed forward - arms hand naturally down the sides of the body - shoulders relaxed

Answer 38

Normal posture

Question 39

- the back is supported - knees are aligned evenly with the hips or slightly higher - both feet are flat on the floor, or on floor support - slouching should be avoided head should be aligned over the shoulders , chin tucked in slightly - if working arms should be flexed at a 75- to 90 degree angle, shoulders squared and relaxed

Answer 39

good sitting posture

Question 40

(heel strike, flat foot, push off, and acceleration ) (2-4 inches from heel to heel)

Answer 40

The phase of walking

Question 41

(toe- off, midswing, deceleration ) (2-4 inches from heel to heel)

Answer 41

Swing phase

Question 42

base width, vertical movement of the center of gravity, knee flexion, lateral shifting, length of step, and pelvis rotation

Answer 42

Points to look for in walking (gait)

Question 43

Slow walking, limping, shuffling, twisting at the wasit, dragging, the feet, waddling(lateral movement, wide base lurching .

Answer 43

Deviations from normal Gait ( Note compensations may also be made for arthritic or fused joints in the feet or legs

Question 44

Gait deviation : slow walk

Answer 44

old age, neurological disorder, joint disease, injury

Question 45

Gait deviation : limping

Answer 45

injury to foot or leg, short leg

Question 46

Gait deviation : Shuffling

Answer 46

weak quadriceps, Parkinson's disease, neurological disorder

Question 47

Gait deviation : twisting

Answer 47

arms crossing mid line during walk

Question 48

Gait deviation : dragging

Answer 48

tibialis anterior weakness ( also called drop foot, toe scraping)

Question 49

Gait deviation : waddling

Answer 49

pain in lower back, hips, lower extremities

Question 50

Gait deviation : wide base

Answer 50

unsteadiness, dizziness, general weakness, vision problems

Question 51

Gait deviation : lurching

Answer 51

weakness in gluteal muscles

Question 52

- clients stated reason for massage - initial and subsequent complaints - health history information - report of medications taken - report of recent illness or injury - description of symptoms ( pain, trouble sleeping) - report of functional limitations ( walking , sitting) - qualitative description (tension, pain, numbness, stress) - quantitative rating ( tension, pain , numbness, stress) - diagnosis from health care provider

Answer 52

Subjective - information from the client

Question 53

- visual observations ( posture, skin color, facial expression) - palpation ( tissue quality, joint movement quality ) - range of motion measurement - posture analysis - gait analysis - orthopedic tests of function

Answer 53

objective - information gathered by the massage therapist

Question 54

- summary of conditions or limitations - identification of contraindications and cautions - general goals for a series of massage sessions - goals for a specific massage session

Answer 54

assessment - of the situation to set goals for the massage sessions

Question 55

General strategy to achieve goals - number of sessions and frequency of massage - use of adjunct modalities ( hot / cold packs) - homework ( stretching, relaxation exercises) strategy for specific massage session - time spent on each body area - technique used - adjunct modalities used - results

Answer 55

plan - development of strategy to achieve those goals.

Question 56

a practitioner observes that a client continues to limp when walking into the office , even though his injury is completely healed . this is an example of

Answer 56

A compensation pattern

Question 57

Functional limitations impact clients :

Answer 57

On many levels including :Psychologically, Physically, Socially

Question 58

a functional goal achieved by the client and related to benefits from regular massage is called: ___ _______ _______

Answer 58

a Functional outcome

Question 59

A goal that is attainable is:

Answer 59

Realistic in relationship to the clients current condition

Question 60

functional goals are written using the acronym SMART

Answer 60

Specific , measurable, time-bound

Question 61

a pain assessment method that uses a continuum line, verbal scales, or visual scales is called:

Answer 61

Analog measure

Question 62

one benefit of conducting a pain assessment is

Answer 62

documentation helps to prove client injury to an insurance providers or court

Question 63

a chronic condition characterized by tender points all over the body is called:

Answer 63

Fibromyalgia

Question 64

Pain fabricated for the purpose of achieving personal reward or satisfaction is called

Answer 64

Malingering pain

Question 65

pain assessment are most often repeated every

Answer 65

6-8 weeks

Question 66

to detect irregularity in tissue textures is one objective of palpation assessment during a ______ _______

Answer 66

Health-care session

Question 67

during palpation, a grainy, fibrous texture, or the sensation that the tissues are stuck together, best describes

Answer 67

Scar tissue

Question 68

Temperature differences felt on the clients skin can be an indication of differences in:

Answer 68

Circulation

Question 69

To palpate attentively and continuously in order to adjust the depth and speed of strokes to ensure the clients comfort is the objective of palpation during a ________ __________

Answer 69

wellness session

Question 70

If a posture assessment indicates that a client has hyperlordosis, a practitioner would want to be sure and address:

Answer 70

Hypertonic iliopsoas and rectus femoris muscles

Question 71

what type of session will require a longer initial interview and evaluation

Answer 71

Treatment massage

Question 72

The Stenocleidomastoid, Longus capitis, and Longus coli muscles are hypertonic with this condition:

Answer 72

Military neck

Question 73

if the right shoulder is elevated, the client will probably need massage work to

Answer 73

Decrease hypertonicity in the right scalenes, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius

Question 74

Muscles that are likely short and hypertonic when a lateral pelvic tilt is observed include:

Answer 74

Gluteus medius, quadratus lumborum, and abductors on the side with the elevation

Question 75

Medial rotation of a lower limb is often caused by hypertonicities in the

Answer 75

Adductor muscles

Question 76

to build strength and re-educate muscle fibers after an injury, which type of ROM is most helpful

Answer 76

Active-resisted

Question 77

To assess the functional capacity of muscles and tendons and muscular strength, the practitioner would use:

Answer 77

Resisted range of motion

Question 78

For a full range of motion assessment, how should the client be dressed?

Answer 78

undergarments/ swimsuit and barefoot

Question 79

To assess inert tissues throughout the movement, and contractile tissue at end feel with a slight overpressure, the practitioner would use:

Answer 79

passive range of motion

Question 80

Finding the angle at which the joint moves with the least resistance is known as

Answer 80

direction of ease

Question 81

When soft tissue structures reach their maximum ability to lengthen without injury, the resulting sensation is called

Answer 81

Firm end feel

Question 82

describe an eccentric contraction

Answer 82

Muscle lengthens and attachments move farther away from each other