Assessing aerobic fitness

Question 1

list the pro’s of maximal aerobic testing

Answer 1

1. classify aerobic fitness of client
2. use data for accurate exercise prescriptions
3. determine possible symtoms at higher intensities
4. recommended before starting a moderate-vig. intensity exercise program
5. recommended for elite athletes- principle of specificity

Question 2

list the pro’s of submaximal aerobic testing

Answer 2

1. can be used on general pop.

Question 3

list the cons of maximal aerobic testing

Answer 3

1. require medical monitoring
2. best measure for aerobic function not performance

Question 4

list the cons of submaximal aerobic testing

Answer 4

1. less accurate than maximal testing

Question 5

what is the calculation for relative VO2 max

Answer 5

absolute VO2 x 1000ml/weight (kg).

Question 6

Explain the anaerobic alatic system & fuel

Answer 6

does not directly use O2, high power & low capacity- uses creatine phosphate

Question 7

explain the anaerobic latic system and its fuel

Answer 7

moderate power, used for <2min energy- uses glucose for fuel

Question 8

explain the aerobic system and its fuel

Answer 8

(krebs cycle): high capacity (2+ min) & low power, uses glucose, FA & ketones.
ETC: Highest capacity (2min-60 min), lowest power, uses glucose & FA

Question 9

how does skeletal muscle obtain it’s fatty acids for metabolism?

Answer 9

1. FFA in blood
2. stored triglycerides in muscle (lipolysis)

Question 10

The amount of energy expended during a task depends on what? (2)

Answer 10

1. VO2 max
2. the nutrient mix being metabolized

Question 11

what does aerobic fitness testing measure?

Answer 11

1. the ability to consume oxygen to perform exercise
2. the ability to consume oxygen to perform maximal exercise

Question 12

define oxygen consumption (VO2)

Answer 12

the volume of O2 used by the body under given conditions

Question 13

define VO2 max

Answer 13

max volume of oxygen one can consume during exhausting exercise or max rate of O2 utilization of muscle during exercise.
increase in power output but no equal amount of O2 consumption (the graph line plateaus or decreases)

Question 14

Define absolute VO2

Answer 14

total volume of O2 taken into the body
(this is a function of muscle mass [more muscle mass=more volume of O2 used]). Used in high performance.

Question 15

define relative O2

Answer 15

volume of O2 taken into the body relative to body weight (this is a function of your muscle fibre types & genetics [increase type 1 fibre types=increase ability of O2 used relative to body]). Used in general pop.

Question 16

What is a VO2 max score dependant on?

Answer 16

1. mode of exercise- for non athletes: treadmill>bike>rower
2. hereditary- heart size, lung size, RBC, muscle fibre type distribution
   3.age- after 25 years VO2 max decreases 1%/year
3. sex- males>females
   5.physical training- VO2 max increases 6-20%
4. Body comp- increase muscle=increase metabolic tissue

Question 17

Criteria to see when max effort was achieved (5)

Answer 17

1) A plateau in O2 consumption with ↑ power output
2) RER ≥ 1.10
3) Failure of HR to ↑ with ↑ in power output
4) Post-test blood lactate concentration ≥ 8 mmol/L
5) Exercising to voluntary exhaustion (RPE >17)

Question 18

define VO2 MAX & VO2 PEAK

Answer 18

VO2 MAX plateaus and has 2 other criteria
VO2 PEAK does not plateau and 2 other criteria (graph line goes up and then down)

Question 19

Deciding on a max vs submax test depends on what (4) reasons?

Answer 19

1. reasons for the test
2. client training status
3. risk level of client
4. availibility of equipment and personnel

Question 20

VO2 MAX test termination criteria (9)

Answer 20

1. moderate to severe angina
2. excessive increase in systolic BP
3. SOB, wheezing, leg cramps
4. signs of poor perfusion
   5.failure of HR increase to increase with exercise
   6.noticeable change in heart rhythm
   7.physical/verbal manifestations of fatigue
   8.equipment failure
5. subject ask to stop

Question 21

name 4 submaximal aerobic tests

Answer 21

1. rockport 1 mile walk
   2, mCAFT
2. YMCA cycle test
3. Ebbling treadmill protocol

Question 22

what are the post test protocols for aerobic recovery?

Answer 22

1. ACTIVE RECOVERY for 3 mins immediatley following termination of test- record HR every min, extend by 2 min if client wants longer recovery. Recovery should be <1st workload
2. PASSIVE RECOVERY, seat client- record HR every minute, measure BP at 1 & 3 min of passive recovery
3. Make sure HR/BP are below cutoff numbers before proceeding to MSK assessment, if not continue passive recovery for 2 more minutes.

Question 23

what involves a DIRECT MAXIMAL aerobic test and name 1 test

Answer 23

1. graded exercise test (GXT) using metabolic cart to measure VO2MAX (mask). Most valid
2. Bruce treadmill test

Question 24

What is predicted in an INDIRECT MAXIMAL test and name 3 test

Answer 24

1. predicts VO2 max using an equation
2. Modified bruce treadmill test, Balke & 20 metre shuffle

Question 25

What does INDIRECT SUBMAXIMAL test predict and name 4 tests

Answer 25

1. Predicts VO2 max using an equation 2. Rockport 1 mile walk, ebbling test, mCAFT, YMCA cycle test

Question 26

assumptions of submaximal tests (4)

Answer 26

VO2 MAX can be most accurately esitmated from HR in submaximal tests when 1-4 are achieved. 1. a steady state HR is obtained for each exercise 2. linear relationship between HR, workload and VO2 max 3. HR max at a given age is uniform 4. mechanical efficency of the activity is uniform (assumes that everyone knows how to walk, bike or step)

Question 27

why is knowing max HR important?

Answer 27

1. scale training intensities 2. identify health risks 3. compare to normative data 4. work within scope of practice

Question 28

age and sex effect on max HR prediction

Answer 28

age- about 0.5-1.6 beats per year decrease sex- men have more rapid max HR than women

Question 29

what happens to your VO2 max prediction if your true HR max is HIGHER than what is predicted?

Answer 29

your true HR max is underestimated (occurs more in older population, 40+)

Question 30

what happens to your VO2 max prediction if your true HR max is LOWER than what is predicted?

Answer 30

your true HR max is overestimated (occurs in younger population).

Question 31

3 main factors for HR max

Answer 31

age, sex, obesity

Question 32

pros and cons to using predictive equation to estimate HR max

Answer 32

pro: non invasive, used in gen. pop, inexpensive con: not as accurate as maximal test (not allowed to go as far as their will power can take them)because of 85% cut off