Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 2: Nursing Adults with Acute conditions > Assessing and Managing Acute Respiratory Patient > Flashcards

Assessing and Managing Acute Respiratory Patient Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which part of the ABCDE assessment come under respiratory assessment?

A

A and B - Airway and Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A structured assessment of a respiratory patient includes what aspects? (7)

A

HIPPALO

  • History taking
  • Inspection
  • Auscultation
  • Percussion
  • Palpation
  • Look, Listen and Feel approach
  • Other Clinical observations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When inspecting a patient’s chest, what features should you look out for?

A

• General appearance - colour
cyanosis?

  • Symmetry?
  • Obvious dyspnoea
  • Ability to speak

• Use of accessory muscles,
shoulder hauling

• Air hunger

• Evidence of noisy
breathing/cough

  • Position of trachea
  • Movement of chest wall

• Chest wall/spinal deformities,
scars

• Finger clubbing/Nicotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cyanosis and what is it an indication of?

A

It is a bluish/purpleish tinge to the skin which indicates hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A

an abnomally low level of O2 in arterial blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does it mean to “inspect” the the chest?

A

To look at the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does it mean to “aucultate” the the chest?

A

To listen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are breath sound produced during chest auculation?

A

The large airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What alters the sound of the chest when breathing?

A

obstructions to the flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Obstructions to the flow can do what to chest aucultation?

A

alter the sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The large airways are responsible for what during chest auculattion?

A

Breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which parts of the lung should be auscultated?

A

Side to side

top to bottom

over anterior & posterior lung fields

bilaterally (both lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which part of the stethoscope is used for chest auscultation?

A

The diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 normal lung sound?

A

Bronchial

Brochovesicular

vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where can bronchial sounds be heard?

A

on the anterior chest over trachea area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do bronchial sounds sound like?

A

High pitched and loud

Inspiration slightly shorter than expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If patient has normal breath sounds which are:

High pitched and loud

Inspiration slightly shorter than expiration

what type do they have?

A

Bronchial chest sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of breath sounds can be heard on the anterior chest over trachea area?

A

Bronchial chest sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where can broncho-vesicular sounds be heard?

A

anteriorly and posteriorly over the bronchi

anteriorly: 1st & 2nd Intercostal space

Posteriorly: between the scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do bronchial sounds sound like?

A

medium pitch

inspiration &expiration is equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List examples of abnomal breath sound/

A

wheeze

Crackles

ronchi

Stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does it mean to palpate the chest?

A

to physically feel the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do clinicians look for when palpating the chest?

A
  • Chest wall tenderness
  • Chest wall movement
  • Evidence of surgical emphysema
  • Coarse/popping/grating-pleural friction rub
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can clinicians tell from percussing the chest

A

underlying lung structure

presence of
air, liquid or solid material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Prior to doing a respiratory assessment, what is the most important factor of the airway should be considered?
is it patent?
26
What indicates that a patient's airway is patent?
If the patients is talking to you
27
When taking a history during a respiratory assessment, what question's might you ask the patient?
Allergies? Smoking? Medication: Inhalers, Nebulisers, Home oxygen? Travel history? (?TB) Breathing symptoms? cough? How long? sputum? colour of sputum? Long-term condition? I.e Asthma, COPD?
28
What muscles a normally utilised during respiration?
diaphram Intercostal muscles
29
Muscles other than the diaphram and intercostal muscles which are used during respiration are known as what?
Accessory muscles (i.e pectoral muscle)
30
What do quiet percussion sunds on a patient's lung tell you about the structure?
medium is more dense
31
How do percussion sounds change thoughout the lung
sounds of air - loud sounds over fluid - less loud sounds over solid areas soft.
32
What can hyper-resonance indicate?
pneomothorax or over inflated lung (COPD)
33
How might pneumothorax or over-inflated lung be identified from percussion?
Hyper-resonant areas.
34
Why is it important to calculate RR consitently and accurately?
RR is the most sensitive clinical sign of changing condition
35
What is the normal range for RR in a healthy adult?
12-18bpm
36
How should normal l breathing be?
quiet, unlaboured and even
37
What is pulse oximetry and what is it used for?
Non-invassive assessment of oxygen satuartion gives indication of oxygen delivery to tissues.
38
When might pulse oximetry be unreliable?
if a person has poor peripheral perfusion, dark skin, extreme light.
39
What is the difference between oxygenation and ventilation?
oxygenation is addition of oxygen to the body ventilation is the inhilation of room air into the lungs.
40
What are the 2 static lung volumes you need to know for the exam?
Functional residual capacity residual volume
41
What is functional residual capacity?
volume of air which remains in the lungs after normal expiration.
42
What is residual volume?
Volume which remains in lungs after maximum expiration
43
What happens to FRC and RV in people who have COPD an Emphysema?
increases
44
What term is given to the volume of air which remains in the lungs after normal expiration?
functional residual capacity
45
What term is given to the Volume which remains in lungs after maximum expiration?
Residual volume
46
What do Peak flow meters measure?
How fast a patient can breathe out
47
Which vessels are ABGs usually taken from?
radial, brachial or femoral arteries
48
What can Abg values tell you?
Respiratory disturbance metabolic disturbance or combination of the two compensation
49
What are the 2 types of respiratory disturbance?
respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis.
50
A patient with resp acidosis may present with what type of valus on ABG reading?
low pH High PaCO2
51
A patient with resp alkalosis may present with what type of valus on ABG reading?
high pH Low PaCO2
52
If a patient has ABG readings which are of: low pH High PaCO2 what may be wrong with the patient?
Patient is in respiratory acidosis. ?retaining CO2
53
If a patient has ABG readings which are of: Hight pH Low PaCO2 what may be wrong with the patient?
respiratory akalosis ?patient hyperventilating
54
What does can PaO2 on an ABG strip say about a patient's condition?
do they have normal arterial oxygen concentration? are thy hypoxaemic?
55
What does low PaO2 indicate?
Hypoxaemia
56
How is Hypoxaemia indicated on an ABG strip?
Low PaO2 and/or low SO2
57
Which type of respiratory failure is hypoxaemia likely to occur in?
Type 1. Can happen in Type 2 however this does not necessarily happen
58
is hypoxaemia likely to be present in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
acidosis
59
Which values from an ABG strip are used to determine metablic disturbances?
pH HCO3 and Base Excess levels
60
If a patient has ABG readings which are of: low pH Low HCO3 Low BE (-tive) what may be wrong with the patient?
metabolic acidosis
61
If a patient has ABG readings which are of: high pH high HCO3 high BE (+tive) what may be wrong with the patient?
metabolic alkalosis
62
How does the body compensate acidosis in the bood?
breath out more CO2, if this is not enough, more buffer is used to soak up the excess.
63
How is compensation demonstrated in an ABG strip?
pH restoring to normal value.
64
list some normal changes to the respiratory system as a result of age.
Chest wall compliance elasticity of lung tissue number of alveoli strength of expiratory muscles
65
What are the types of respiratory failiure?
Type 1 and type 2
66
How is Type 1 respiratory failure classified?
hypoxaemia but no hypercania low SpO2 or PaO2 PaCo2 normal or low
67
How is Type 2 respiratory failure classified?
Hypercapnia is always evident (but pH may be compensated) High PaCO2 Hypoxaemia is also possible
68
List some of the causes for type 1 respiratory failiure
Chest infection pneumonia asthma pulmonary embolism
69
List some of the causes for type2 respiratory failure
COPD extreme obesity
70
List examples of acute respiratory disorders you might come across in the hospital?
``` Chest infection • Pneumonia • Asthma, COPD, Emphysema • Atelectasis • Pneumothorax ```
71
Whereabouts is in the respiratory tract does a chest infection occur?
in the upper respiratory tract
72
What are the main symptoms of a chest infection?
Productive cough fever
73
What is atelectasis?
it is when aleveli structures in the lung collapse and close shut.
74
What can cause atelectasis?
General Anaesthesia, secretions blocking an airway, plural effusion
75
What does ARDS stand for?
Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome

Year 2: Nursing Adults with Acute conditions (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions