ASSESSING SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS

Question 1

Integumentary System includes:

Answer 1

▪️Skin
▪️Hair
▪️Nails

Question 2

Largest organ of the body

Answer 2

Skin
Functions:
a. Protects the underlying tissues and organs
b. Temperature maintenance
c. Fluid and electrolyte balance
d. Absorption, excretion and sensation
e. Immunity
f. Vitamin D synthesis

Question 3

• Outer layer of the skin
• It consists of dead, keratinized cells that render the skin waterproof
• Four distinct layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and
  stratum germinativum.

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

-:Inner layer of the skin
- Dermal papillae: connect the dermis to the epidermis.
- Visible in the hands and feet: fingerprint
- It is a well-vascularized, connective tissue layer containing collagen and elastic
fibers, nerve endings, and lymph vessels.
- Site for: sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

Answer 4

Dermis

Question 5

• Attached to hair follicles
• Present over most of the body except the soles and palms
• Secretes oily substance: Sebum (waterproofs the hair and skin)

Answer 5

Sebaceous Glands

Question 6

What part of the skin secretes sweat or sweat glands?

Answer 6

Eccrine glands

Question 7

a. Located over at the entire skin
b. Primary function: secretion of sweat and thermoregulation

Answer 7

Eccrine glands

Question 8

a. Associated with hair follicles in the axillae, perineum, and areolae of the breasts.
b. Small and non-functional until puberty; secrete a milky sweat.
c. Interaction with sweat and skin bacteria = body odor.

Answer 8

Apocrine glands

Question 9

Location: beneath dermis
- A loose connective tissue that contains the ff:
a. Fat cells
b. Blood vessels
c. Nerves
d. Remaining portions of sweat glands and hair follicles

Answer 9

Subcutaneous Tissue

Question 10

• Consists of layers of keratinized cells
• Location: all over the body except for:
  a. Lips
  b. Nipples
  c. Soles of the feet
  d. Palms of the hands
  e. Labia minora
  f. Penis

Answer 10

Hair

Question 11

Develops within a sheath of epidermal cells:

Answer 11

hair follicle

Question 12

nourishes cells in the hair bulb

Answer 12

Dermal blood vessels

Question 13

is visible above the skin

Answer 13

Hair shaft

Question 14

surrounded by the hair follicle

Answer 14

Hair rooth

Question 15

attached to the follicles. It contracts in response to cold or
fright. (by decreasing the skin surface area and causing the hair to stand erect)

Answer 15

Erector pili muscles

Question 16

Two general types of hair:

Answer 16

Vellus and terminal

Question 17

Short, pale, fine, and present over much of the body
b. Provides thermoregulation by wicking sweat away from the body.

Answer 17

Vellus hair

Question 18

a. Scalp and eyebrows
b. Longer, generally darker, and coarser than vellus hair.

Answer 18

Terminal hair

Question 19

Located on the distal phalanges of fingers and toes
- Functions:
a. Protect the distal ends of the fingers and toes
b. Enhance movement of digits
c. Allow for an extended precision grip

Answer 19

Nail

Question 20

extends over the nail bed and has a pink tinge as a result of blood vessels
underneath

Answer 20

Nail body

Question 21

a crescent-shaped area located at the base of the nail

Answer 21

Lunula

Question 22

loss of color due to
arterial insufficiency,
decreased blood supply, and
anemia

Answer 22

Pallor

Question 23

may cause white
skin to appear blue-tinged,
especially in the periorial, nail
beed, and conjunctival areas.

Answer 23

Cyanosis

Question 24

(skin redness and
warmth) is seen in
inflammation, allergic
reactions, or trauma.

Answer 24

Erythema