Assessment 1 Flashcards by holly kropke

3 planes of the body and the resulting sections the body is divided by

Coronal/ front- crown or tiara shape. slicing through the body, front and back. Anterior/ventral- towards the front and then posterior/dorsal- towards the back
Sagittal-mid line of the body, right and left section. dextral-towards the right and sinistral-towards the left
transverse/horizontal-horizon, hot dog slice, top and bottom. Rostral- towards the nose, and caudal-towards the tail

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central

inside

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peripheral

outside

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deep

internal

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superficial

external

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proximal

toward the center

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distal

exterior, away from the center

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superior

above

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inferior

below

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why do we need the common language?

everyone can know what you are talking about and communicating about

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what are our arms, lungs, and eyes located to/ by?

distal to our chest, and lungs are deep to your skin, eyes are not inferior to your chin

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epithelia tissue

groups of similar cells preforming a common function

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four groups of tissue:

epithelia, connective/vascular, muscle, and nerve

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function of the epithelial tissue

cover exterior surfaces of the body, line the internal closed cavities, and tubes of the body

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secretory function

stomach, larynx, respiratory

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absorptive function

intestines

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protective

skin

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how to classify types of epithelial tissue by arrangement and shape

cells close together, can be in multiple layers

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epithelia tissue

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSimple_squamous_epithelium&psig=AOvVaw3UClmdpxs-aZJuVsdOl8Ph&ust=1632531112933000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMiLiLuylvMCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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determine what type of epithelial tissue is found in the respiratory system and vocal tract

the secretory tissue is found in the larynx, respiratory, and the stomach

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define mesothelium

epithelium lining walls and covering contents of thoracic, pericardial, abdominal cavities of the body.

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define endothelium

epithelia tissue lining vascular system (blood and lymph nodes)

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related disease to mesothelium

asbestos exposure

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keratin is what?

tough, insoluble protein substance that is the chief structural constituent of hair, nails, horns, and hooves. flaky, true vocal folds do not have, hard cells not on vocal folds, maybe a good thing because you don’t have mucus to move cells away,glamp of vibrations.

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importance of cilia

to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia. reproductive system, coding all of the surfaces of the fallopian tube,

simple squamous

blood vessels, heart, alveoli. oxygen get to body by circulatory system which is connected with blood, muscles need to contract al through the blood vessels. big breath to collect oxygen, breath and lungs support voice

ciliated simple columnar

nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. found in nasal cavity, found in nose, take air through the nose, make nasal sounds

stratified squamous

skin (keratinized) true vocal folds (non-keratinized)

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

trachea, false vocal folds

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the respiratory system and vocal tract

simple squamous, stratified squamous (non-keratinized), ciliated simple columnar, psedostratified ciliated columnar

describe purpose of connective tissue

adjacent to epithelial tissue, connect, bind, and supply blood structure.

cell types of connective tissue by name and function

OK!! GO!

synthesizes extra cellular matrix and collagen

fibroblast

engulf and digest pathogens and debris

macrophage

store energy as fat, fat cells

adipose

white blood cells secretes antibodies

plasma cell

rich in histamine (anti allergy) and herparin (anticoagulant)

mast cell

most common fiber type and cells in connective tissue

form interlacing bundles, fiber derived from the cell type-fibroblast, and collagenous fibers and fibroblasts are the most common components of connective tissue.

collagenous

impart elastic properties to tissue, less numerous than collagenous, derived from fibroblasts

elastic

Changes in connective tissue with age

becoming more stiff. This makes the organs, blood vessels, and airways more rigid. Cell membranes change, so many tissues have more trouble getting oxygen and nutrients, and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. Many tissues lose mass.

dense and loose connective tissue and provide examples

ratio of cells to the extracellular fibers, loose: areolar, reticular, and adipose. Dense: tendon, fascia, ligament, and aponeruosis

fewer cells and more fibers, organs, blood vessels, and nerves. also stores energy

loose connective tissue

more cells and fewer fibers

dense connective tissue

cord like structures which joint muscles to bones/cartilage, parallel bundles of collagen fibers with fibroblasts in-between

tendon

bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage. fibers are less regularly arranged the tendons. provide stability to joint by restricting movement and placement of bone,

ligament

broad tendinous sheets, covering for muscle

aponeurosis

irregular arranged fibers, forms sheaths around bundles of muscles

fascia

distinguish tendons from ligaments

join muscles to bones and cartilage, ligaments goes bone to bone

green cells are called ___ and what is their function

fibroblasts/ collagen production

what type of fibers are thick dark pink color and what type of tissue are they found in?

collagen/dense

precursor to our Skelton. infant: initial Skelton of the fetus, growth plate for bones. Adults: present at the articular bone surfaces, respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, larynx, nose, ends of the ribs. Matrix of cartilage undergoes ccalcification when cartilage is about to be replaced by debone during growth

hyaline cartilage

matrix contains bundles of thick collagenous fibers. shearing force, resistance to both compression and shear. Location: intervertebral discs, sternocalvicular joints, temporomandibular joints, shoulder joints, and pubic symphysis.

fibrocartilage

increased elasticity-pliable. location: most outer ear, Eustachian tube, larynx. does not calcify.

elastic cartilage

high surface area to mass ratio, responsible for metabolic activity (exchange of calcium ions), found at ends of long bones, proximal to joints, and within interior of vertebrae. high vascular, contains red bone marrow

spongy bone

support for body, levers for movement, store and release element (calcium). 80% weight of human Skeltons, outer shell of most bones, yellow arrow is harbored inside a layer of dense bone

dense/compact bone

no mobility, joints of skulls, tooth root and alveolus, make relevance, structure inside the brain, thought and language all come from brain, care about teeth because articulation targets for tongue to make certain sounds, chewing and swallowing.

fibrous joint

limited mobility between pubic bones, between disks of vertebral column

cartilaginous joint

high mobility, joint cavity with synovial fluid, lubricating substance, ball and socket joints, hinge joint

synovial joint

difficult time with excessive amount of dandruff, loss which type of epithelial tissue

stratified squamous (keratinized)

involuntary

cardiac/heart muscle

involuntary, moves gut and the walls of blood vessels and certain of the tubes that make up bronchial tree

smooth muscle

voluntary

striated/skeletal

muscle contraction at the level of the sarcomere

Within the sarcomere, myosin slides along actin to contract the muscle fiber in a process that requires ATP.

motor unit

set of muscle fibers all innervated by the same motor neuron make up

innervation ratio

number of fibers controlled by one neuron. low end innervation is roughly 5. at the high end number may be 1000.

smallest unit of muscle contraction

Within the sarcoplasm of each individual muscle fibre are approximately 1,000 to 2,000 myofibrils. Composed of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, the myofibrils represent the smallest units of contraction in living muscle. Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fibre.

blood clotting

platelets

immunity

lymphocytes

oxygen transport

red blood cells

phagocytosis

neutrophils

blood AWAY FROM HEART, high pumping pressure, thick band of smooth muscle, oxygen rich

arteries

blood TO HEART, pressure I slow, rely on skeletal muscle contraction for support unmoving blood, valves that prevent back flow of blood.

veins

how clients with a CVA might end up on a speech language pathologists caseload

neurogenic language disorders in adulthood caused by cardiovascular accidents or head injury in head and neck anatomy. stroke TBI. patients with aphasias, dysarthria, apraxia, dysphagia, and or right hemisphere syndrome post CVA or TBI.

type of bone where red blood cells are manufactured

spongy

plantar faculties is a common ailment that runners encounter leading to tenderness and pain in foot is what type of connective tissue

dense

Assessment 1 Flashcards

(76 cards)