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Music History > Assessment 2 Terms > Flashcards

Assessment 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Mannerism

A

An art term that describes paintings and sculptures characterized by their use of distortion, explicit word painting, and unsettling juxtaposition for dramatic effect.

-Extreme dissonance, unusual harmonic progressions, exaggerated word painting

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2
Q

Musica Reservata

A

Music “reserved” for a select audience of elite noble-born or aristocratic listeners.

(see mannerism)

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3
Q

Syntactic

A

Essential idea is presented and varied throughout a work

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4
Q

Affect

A

Predominant emotion of text or musical work

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5
Q

Basso Continuo

A

Continuous bass; the supporting instrumental line that provides framework for the supporting voice

-allowed the soloist to focus on projecting the text

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6
Q

Figured Bass

A

The numerical system used to deviate from root position harmonies

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7
Q

Motoric Rhythm

A

Rhythm is propulsive, moving forward at all times. Characteristically Baroque

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8
Q

Monody

A

A style of accompanied solo song, with an embellished upper voice and a simple basso continuo

Soloist + simple basso continuo

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9
Q

Homophonic/homophony

A

Principle melodic line with supporting voices that articulate the harmonies.

Homorhythmic: Voices move together

e.g. Claudio Monteverdi “Cruda Amarilli”

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10
Q

Embellishment

A

Ornamentations that decorate the main melody of a composition

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11
Q

Sprezzatura

A

Term Caccini used to describe the freedom and disregard for meter and rhythm in monody singing.

Music written to sound free and spontaneous

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12
Q

Italian Madrigal

A

Italian vocal music emerging in the 1530’s that featured 3 or more singers.

Textually and musically more complex than the frottola

Through-composed: Music that doesn’t have any repeating sections

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13
Q

Cross relation

A

Simultaeous or nearly simultaneous sounding of two pitches a half–step apart

AKA Minor 2 interval

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14
Q

Chromaticism

A

Movement in half-steps

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15
Q

Tragedie en musique

A

Genre of French opera

Began the use of the French overture

All written in honour of King Louis

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16
Q

Recitative semplice/secco

A

Voice with only basso continuo

Used in long passages of prose

Sparse in sound; timbral simplicity

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17
Q

Recitative accompagnato

A

Voice supported by full orchestra

Used for high drama and intensity sections

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18
Q

Opera Seria

A

“Serious opera” from Italian classical antiquity.

Strict division of recitative and arias.

Emphasis on virtuosity, especially in da capo arias

Use of castrati

AKA Italian opera

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19
Q

Da Capo Aria

A

Type of aria consisting of 3 sections: A, B, A’

Singers expected to embellish

AKA an “early sonata form”

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20
Q

Castrato

A

Boys who were castrated to preserve their naturally high voices pre-puberty

Gave them range of soprano with power of male voice

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21
Q

Prima prattica

A

“First practice”. Traditional Rennaisance polyphony

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22
Q

Seconda prattica

A

“Second practice”. Traditional baroque era.

Focuses on the projection of text

Closely associated with practice of monody

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23
Q

Overture

A

Introductory movement to an opera

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24
Q

Sublime

A

The juxtaposition of different emotions

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25
Q

Cadenza

A

Solo passage in the end of a concerto movement or aria

Displays of virtuosity

Usually improvised

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26
Q

Cantata

A

Umbrella term for baroque vocal music

(Bach wrote many sacred cantatas)

Known as solo madrigal in 17c

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27
Q

Patronage

A

Rich aristocrat who hires musicians/composers

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28
Q

Air de cour

A

“Courtly air”. Genre of secular French song

Either polyphonic or homophonic (voice + lute)

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29
Q

Obbligato accompaniment

A

Style of homophony where supporting parts contribute important material to the work

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30
Q

Oratorio

A

Genre of vocal music similar to opera (recitatives, arias, choruses), but without the staging or costumes

Most revolve around religious subjects

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31
Q

Chorale

A

A hymn, either in harmonized form or as a melody

32
Q

Ostinato

A

Figure presently repeatedly in succession

33
Q

Tetrachord

A

Series of 4 notes in a scale

34
Q

Passus duriusculus (aka chromatic fourth)

A

An interval of a fourth with all or almost all pitches filled in chromatically

AKA tetrachord with all chromatic intervals filled in

35
Q

Ritornello

A

Returning instrumental section that establishes key and mood in arias and concertos

36
Q

Sarabande

A

3rd dance movement of a baroque suite

Slow, in 3/4 time

  1. Allemande
  2. Courante
  3. Sarabande
  4. Gigue
37
Q

Concerto Grosso

A

Type of Baroque concerto featuring a concertino (group of soloists) and the ripieno (larger ensemble)

The term also encompasses the ripieno concerto, a work for large ensemble with no soloists

38
Q

Solo Concerto

A

Type of Baroque concerto featuring a 1 or 2 soloists against ripieno large ensemble

39
Q

Ripieno/tutti

A

The larger ensemble within a concerto grosso

40
Q

Ripieno Concerto

A

Type of concerto for large ensemble, with no soloists

41
Q

Concertino

A

A small group of soloists within the concerto grosso

42
Q

Fortspinnung

A

Technique used to spin out motives

Music in a “spun out” style

43
Q

Fugue

A

Work with a series of imitative entries, usually in a single theme (but may have multiple themes as well)

Focused on textures, keyboard only

44
Q

Episode

A
  1. Non imitative section within a fugue

2. In a rondo, an extended passage that appears between entrances of the main theme

45
Q

Subject

A

Imitative melody(s) in a fugue

46
Q

Answer

A

Imitates subject of a fugue up a 5th (in dominant key)

47
Q

Countersubject

A

Contrapuntal theme played against the subject in a fugue

48
Q

Rondo Form

A

A movement in the form: ABACA

Recurring theme (A) constitutes the refrain, and the contrasting themes (B,C, etc) constituting the episodes (couplets)

49
Q

Theme and variations

A

A composition where a theme is contrasted against variations of itself.

50
Q

Sturm and Drang

A

“storm and stress” Characterized by minor mode, extreme leaps, jagged syncopations, and sudden dynamic contrasts

51
Q

Stretto

A

Overlapping entries of the subject (fugue)

Increases tension and need for final resolution

52
Q

Style brise

A

Broken chords and arpeggiations for keyboard that imitates the (arpeggiated) chords in lute music

53
Q

Suite

A

In Baroque/classical era: Series of dance-like movements

Later: Collection of movements that are outside the category of other established genres

54
Q

Ordre

A

The french term for the baroque suite

55
Q

Partita

A

German and Italian name for the baroque suite

56
Q

Lesson

A

The English name for the baroque suite

57
Q

Allemande

A

The first movement in a baroque suite

Moderate tempo, 4/4 time

58
Q

Courante

A

The second movement in a baroque suite

Fast, 3/4 time

59
Q

Gigue

A

The fourth movement in a baroque suite

Fast, 6/8 time

60
Q

Binary Form

A

A musical form that consists of 2 parts

Rounded binary: A,B,A’

61
Q

Toccata

A

Type of work for keybaord that is freely constructed, not based on prexisting material, features rapid passagework

62
Q

Sonata Form

A

A form used in the 1st movement of concerto.

A movement in sonata form has an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. An introduction and coda are sometimes added.

63
Q

Exposition

A

The first section in the sonata form

Present all major themes in the movement

Moves from tonic to dominant, or in minor key works, from minor to relative major

64
Q

Development

A

The second section in the sonata form

Develops the ideas from the exposition

Typically manipulates themes, moves through a variety of keys, and avoids the tonic

Unstable tonality, (in dominant or relative minor key)

65
Q

Recapitulation

A

The third section in the sonata form

Returns with the opening idea of the movement in the tonic key

Cadenza in concertos

66
Q

Coda/codetta

A

A closing section of a work or movement

Usually prolongs the piece what is expected harmonically

67
Q

Alberti bass

A

Repetitions of a broken triad in the accompaniment

68
Q

Periodic structure

A

Form consisting of many modular units of equal length, initially associated with dance music.

69
Q

Antecedent

A

Phrases that move from I to V

70
Q

Consequent

A

Phrases that move from V to I

71
Q

Salon

A

Light music

72
Q

Sinfonia

A

Any of several instrumental forms, primarily of Italian origin. In the earlier Baroque period (mid-17th century), the term was used synonymously with canzona and sonata. For most of the 17th and 18th centuries, the name referred particularly to orchestral introductions to operas and cantatas.

AKA Large ensemble orchestral work

73
Q

Minuet

A

Dance form music, usually a movement in suite, sonata, or symphony

74
Q

Double-exposition form

A

Type of sonata form, with a opening tutti exposition and subsequent solo exposition. (Followed by development, recapitulation, cadenza, coda)

Tutti exposition stays in the tonic, while solo exposition modulates from tonic to secondary key area

75
Q

Concerto form

A

Work featuring a soloist, or soloists against a larger ensemble

Music History (21 decks)

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