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Assessment 2 Terms Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Mannerism

A

An art term that describes paintings and sculptures characterized by their use of distortion, explicit word painting, and unsettling juxtaposition for dramatic effect.

-Extreme dissonance, unusual harmonic progressions, exaggerated word painting

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2
Q

Musica Reservata

A

Music “reserved” for a select audience of elite noble-born or aristocratic listeners.

(see mannerism)

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3
Q

Syntactic

A

Essential idea is presented and varied throughout a work

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4
Q

Affect

A

Predominant emotion of text or musical work

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5
Q

Basso Continuo

A

Continuous bass; the supporting instrumental line that provides framework for the supporting voice

-allowed the soloist to focus on projecting the text

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6
Q

Figured Bass

A

The numerical system used to deviate from root position harmonies

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7
Q

Motoric Rhythm

A

Rhythm is propulsive, moving forward at all times. Characteristically Baroque

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8
Q

Monody

A

A style of accompanied solo song, with an embellished upper voice and a simple basso continuo

Soloist + simple basso continuo

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9
Q

Homophonic/homophony

A

Principle melodic line with supporting voices that articulate the harmonies.

Homorhythmic: Voices move together

e.g. Claudio Monteverdi “Cruda Amarilli”

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10
Q

Embellishment

A

Ornamentations that decorate the main melody of a composition

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11
Q

Sprezzatura

A

Term Caccini used to describe the freedom and disregard for meter and rhythm in monody singing.

Music written to sound free and spontaneous

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12
Q

Italian Madrigal

A

Italian vocal music emerging in the 1530’s that featured 3 or more singers.

Textually and musically more complex than the frottola

Through-composed: Music that doesn’t have any repeating sections

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13
Q

Cross relation

A

Simultaeous or nearly simultaneous sounding of two pitches a half–step apart

AKA Minor 2 interval

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14
Q

Chromaticism

A

Movement in half-steps

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15
Q

Tragedie en musique

A

Genre of French opera

Began the use of the French overture

All written in honour of King Louis

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16
Q

Recitative semplice/secco

A

Voice with only basso continuo

Used in long passages of prose

Sparse in sound; timbral simplicity

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17
Q

Recitative accompagnato

A

Voice supported by full orchestra

Used for high drama and intensity sections

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18
Q

Opera Seria

A

“Serious opera” from Italian classical antiquity.

Strict division of recitative and arias.

Emphasis on virtuosity, especially in da capo arias

Use of castrati

AKA Italian opera

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19
Q

Da Capo Aria

A

Type of aria consisting of 3 sections: A, B, A’

Singers expected to embellish

AKA an “early sonata form”

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20
Q

Castrato

A

Boys who were castrated to preserve their naturally high voices pre-puberty

Gave them range of soprano with power of male voice

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21
Q

Prima prattica

A

“First practice”. Traditional Rennaisance polyphony

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22
Q

Seconda prattica

A

“Second practice”. Traditional baroque era.

Focuses on the projection of text

Closely associated with practice of monody

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23
Q

Overture

A

Introductory movement to an opera

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24
Q

Sublime

A

The juxtaposition of different emotions

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25
Cadenza
Solo passage in the end of a concerto movement or aria Displays of virtuosity Usually improvised
26
Cantata
Umbrella term for baroque vocal music (Bach wrote many sacred cantatas) Known as solo madrigal in 17c
27
Patronage
Rich aristocrat who hires musicians/composers
28
Air de cour
"Courtly air". Genre of secular French song Either polyphonic or homophonic (voice + lute)
29
Obbligato accompaniment
Style of homophony where supporting parts contribute important material to the work
30
Oratorio
Genre of vocal music similar to opera (recitatives, arias, choruses), but without the staging or costumes Most revolve around religious subjects
31
Chorale
A hymn, either in harmonized form or as a melody
32
Ostinato
Figure presently repeatedly in succession
33
Tetrachord
Series of 4 notes in a scale
34
Passus duriusculus (aka chromatic fourth)
An interval of a fourth with all or almost all pitches filled in chromatically AKA tetrachord with all chromatic intervals filled in
35
Ritornello
Returning instrumental section that establishes key and mood in arias and concertos
36
Sarabande
3rd dance movement of a baroque suite Slow, in 3/4 time 1. Allemande 2. Courante 3. Sarabande 4. Gigue
37
Concerto Grosso
Type of Baroque concerto featuring a concertino (group of soloists) and the ripieno (larger ensemble) The term also encompasses the ripieno concerto, a work for large ensemble with no soloists
38
Solo Concerto
Type of Baroque concerto featuring a 1 or 2 soloists against ripieno large ensemble
39
Ripieno/tutti
The larger ensemble within a concerto grosso
40
Ripieno Concerto
Type of concerto for large ensemble, with no soloists
41
Concertino
A small group of soloists within the concerto grosso
42
Fortspinnung
Technique used to spin out motives Music in a "spun out" style
43
Fugue
Work with a series of imitative entries, usually in a single theme (but may have multiple themes as well) Focused on textures, keyboard only
44
Episode
1. Non imitative section within a fugue | 2. In a rondo, an extended passage that appears between entrances of the main theme
45
Subject
Imitative melody(s) in a fugue
46
Answer
Imitates subject of a fugue up a 5th (in dominant key)
47
Countersubject
Contrapuntal theme played against the subject in a fugue
48
Rondo Form
A movement in the form: ABACA Recurring theme (A) constitutes the refrain, and the contrasting themes (B,C, etc) constituting the episodes (couplets)
49
Theme and variations
A composition where a theme is contrasted against variations of itself.
50
Sturm and Drang
"storm and stress" Characterized by minor mode, extreme leaps, jagged syncopations, and sudden dynamic contrasts
51
Stretto
Overlapping entries of the subject (fugue) Increases tension and need for final resolution
52
Style brise
Broken chords and arpeggiations for keyboard that imitates the (arpeggiated) chords in lute music
53
Suite
In Baroque/classical era: Series of dance-like movements Later: Collection of movements that are outside the category of other established genres
54
Ordre
The french term for the baroque suite
55
Partita
German and Italian name for the baroque suite
56
Lesson
The English name for the baroque suite
57
Allemande
The first movement in a baroque suite Moderate tempo, 4/4 time
58
Courante
The second movement in a baroque suite Fast, 3/4 time
59
Gigue
The fourth movement in a baroque suite Fast, 6/8 time
60
Binary Form
A musical form that consists of 2 parts Rounded binary: A,B,A'
61
Toccata
Type of work for keybaord that is freely constructed, not based on prexisting material, features rapid passagework
62
Sonata Form
A form used in the 1st movement of concerto. A movement in sonata form has an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. An introduction and coda are sometimes added.
63
Exposition
The first section in the sonata form Present all major themes in the movement Moves from tonic to dominant, or in minor key works, from minor to relative major
64
Development
The second section in the sonata form Develops the ideas from the exposition Typically manipulates themes, moves through a variety of keys, and avoids the tonic Unstable tonality, (in dominant or relative minor key)
65
Recapitulation
The third section in the sonata form Returns with the opening idea of the movement in the tonic key Cadenza in concertos
66
Coda/codetta
A closing section of a work or movement Usually prolongs the piece what is expected harmonically
67
Alberti bass
Repetitions of a broken triad in the accompaniment
68
Periodic structure
Form consisting of many modular units of equal length, initially associated with dance music.
69
Antecedent
Phrases that move from I to V
70
Consequent
Phrases that move from V to I
71
Salon
Light music
72
Sinfonia
Any of several instrumental forms, primarily of Italian origin. In the earlier Baroque period (mid-17th century), the term was used synonymously with canzona and sonata. For most of the 17th and 18th centuries, the name referred particularly to orchestral introductions to operas and cantatas. AKA Large ensemble orchestral work
73
Minuet
Dance form music, usually a movement in suite, sonata, or symphony
74
Double-exposition form
Type of sonata form, with a opening tutti exposition and subsequent solo exposition. (Followed by development, recapitulation, cadenza, coda) Tutti exposition stays in the tonic, while solo exposition modulates from tonic to secondary key area
75
Concerto form
Work featuring a soloist, or soloists against a larger ensemble

Music History (21 decks)

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