Assessment and treatment Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
One of the more common assessment recording techniques is the problem-oriented medical records method, which uses “SOAP”
What does SOAP stands for?
A
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan.
2
Q
Points of Total Musculoskeletal Assessment (8 points)
A
- Patient history
- Observation
- Examination of movement
- Special tests
- Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
- Joint play movements
- Palpation
- Diagnostic imaging
3
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Persistent pain at night
A
Red Flag for Cancer
4
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Unexplained weight loss
A
Red Flag for cancer
5
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Shortness of breath
A
Red flag, for cardiovascular
6
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Discolored or painful feet
A
Red flag for cardiovascular
7
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Frequent or severe abdominal pain
A
Red flag for Gastrointestinal/Genitourinary
8
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Frequent nausea or vomiting
A
Red flag for Gastrointestinal/Genitourinary
9
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Problems with swallowing or changes
in speech
A
Red flag, neurological
10
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Problems with balance, coordination,
or falling
A
Red flag, neurological
11
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Abnormal signs and symptoms (unusual patterns of
complaint)
A
Yellow flag
12
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Bilateral symptoms
A
Yellow flag
13
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Multiple nerve root involvement
A
Yellow flag
14
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Progressive weakness
A
Yellow flag
15
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Multiple inflamed joints
A
Yellow flag
16
Q
Red flag, yellow flag or no flag
Psychosocial stresses
A
Yellow flag
17
Q
True or False
Pain is subjective, and its manifestations are unique to each individual
A
True
18
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Disturbs sleep
A
Systemic
19
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Deep aching or throbbing
A
Systemic
20
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Is not aggravated by mechanical stress
A
Systemic
21
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Associated with generalized weakness
A
Systemic
22
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Generally lessens at night
A
Musculoskeletal
23
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Sharp or superficial ache
A
Musculoskeletal
24
Q
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
Usually decreases with cessation of activity
A
Musculoskeletal
25
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
| Is aggravated by mechanical stress
Musculoskeletal
26
Systemic or Musculoskeletal pain?
| Usually continuous or intermittent
Musculoskeletal
27
Any plane that divides your body into right and left sides is called
Sagital Plane
28
Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior
Coronal plane
29
Plane that divides the body into the superior and inferior parts
Horizontal/transverse plane
30
Is the overstretching, overexertion, overuse of soft tissue:
tends to be less severe than a sprain, occurs from
slight trauma or unaccustomed repeated trauma of a
minor degree
Strain
31
Severe stress, stretch, or tear of soft tissues, such as
| joint capsule, ligament, tendon, or muscle
Sprain
32
Displacement of a part, usually the boney
partners in a joint, resulting in loss of the anatomical relationship and leading to soft tissue damage, inflammation, pain, and muscle spasm
Dislocation
33
The general term that refers to chronic tendon pathology
Tendinopathy/tendinous lesions
34
Is the inflammation of the synovial membrane covering a tendon
Tenosynovitis
35
Is the inflammation of a tendon
Tendinitis
36
Inflammation of a synovial membrane;
Synovitis
37
Bleeding into a joint, usually due to severe
| trauma
Hemarthrosis
38
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
39
Adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, muscle,
| or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or flexibility of that structure.
Contracture
40
Abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding
structures during immobilization, after trauma,
or as a complication of surgery, which restricts normal elasticity and gliding of the structures involved
Adhesion:
41
Increased interstitial
pressure in a closed, nonexpanding, myofascial compartment that compromises the function of the blood vessels, muscles, and nerves
Myofascial compartment syndromes
42
How many grades exist to define the severity of a tissue injury?
3 grades
43
True or False
| Grade 2 tissue injury: Mild pain at the time of injury or within the first 24 hours
False
| Grade 1 - Mild pain at the time of injury or within the first 24 hours
44
Grade of severity?
| Mild pain at the time of injury or within the first 24 hours
Grade 1
45
Grade of tissue severity?
Moderate pain that requires
stopping the activity. Stress and palpation of the tissue
greatly increase the pain. When the injury is to ligaments, some of the fibers are torn, resulting in some increased joint mobility.
Grade 2
46
Grade of tissue injury?
| Near-complete or complete tear or avulsion of the tissue (tendon or ligament) with severe pain
Grade 3
47
Name of stage?
On this stage, the pain and impaired movement are from the altered chemical state that irritates the nerve endings, increased tissue tension due to edema or joint effusion, and muscle guarding, which is the body’s way of immobilizing a painful area.
Acute stage (Inflammatory reaction)
48
Which signs are you expecting to see on the acute stage of an injury? 5
Swelling, redness, heat, pain at rest, and loss of
| function.
49
How much it last the Acute Stage of an injury?
4-6 days
50
Name of stage?
The signs of inflammation progressively
decrease and eventually are absent. When testing
ROM, the patient may experience pain synchronous with encountering tissue resistance at the end of the available ROM
Subacute Stage (Proliferation, Repair and Healing)
51
What are the physical therapy goals for the acute phase?
Control effects of inflammation and prevent deleterious effects of rest
52
What are the physical therapy goals for the subacute stage?
Develop mobile scar and promote healing
53
What are the physical therapy goals for the Chronic Stage?
Increase the tensile quality of scar and develop functional independence
54
On which tissue healing stage you find growth of capillary beds into the injury area?
Subacute Stage
55
What is the name of this stage?
There are no signs of inflammation, there may be contractures or adhesions that limit range,
and there may be muscle weakness limiting normal function.
Chronic Stage
56
Define Chronic Pain Syndrome
Is a state that persists longer than 6 months
57
Management guidelines during the protection phase must include (5)
Patient education
Protection of the Injured Tissue
Prevention of Adverse Effects of Immobility
Specific Interventions and Dosages (PROM - Isometric, etc)
Interventions for Associated Areas (ROM, resistance exercise to other muscles, functional activities)
58
Management Guidelines during the Controlled Motion Phase must include (3)
Initiation of Active Exercises
Initiation and Progression of Stretching
Correction of Contributing Factors
59
Management Guidelines during the Return
| to Function Phase must include
Patient Education
Considerations for Progression of Exercises
Progression of Stretching
Progression of Exercises for Muscle Performance: Developing Neuromuscular Control, Strength, and Endurance
Return to High-Demand Activities
60
Usually occurs when a muscle is subject to a sudden, heavy compressive force, e.g. direct blow to the muscle
Muscle Contusion
61
What is myositis ossificans
Occurs when hematoma calcifies and Osteoblasts replace some of the fibroblasts in the healing process
62
This muscle injury occurs when some or all of
the fibres fail to cope with the demands placed
upon them e.g. excessive tensile force
Muscle strain/tear
63
How many degrees of muscle strain/tear exist?
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
64
What is DOMS in muscle injury? Explain
Delayed onset muscle soreness.
| Is a pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise
65
Is a painful, involuntary muscle contraction that occurs suddenly & can be temporarily debilitating
Muscle cramps
66
True or False
Sprain Grade 2: stretched fibres but normal
ROM on stressing ligament
False
Grade 1: stretched fibres but normal
ROM on stressing ligament
67
True or False
Sprain Grade 1: stretched fibres but normal
ROM on stressing ligament
True
68
True or False
Sprain Grade 3: complete tear of ligament
with excessive joint laxity and no end point
True
69
True or False
Sprain Grade 2:considerable proportion of
fibres torn, stressing of ligament reveals increased laxity, but definite end point
True
70
Define the three phases of ligament healing
1. Inflammation (Destruction phase)
2. Proliferation (Repair phase)
3. Maturational (Remodelling phase)
71
True or False
In a sprain, return of joint function does not mean
ligament is healed – other structures
compensate
True
72
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 1 - Small amplitude rhythmic oscillations at the beginning of ROM.
True
73
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 2 - Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations within the ROM, but not reaching the limitation.
True
74
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 3 - Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations up to the limit of available motion & stressed into tissue
resistance.
True
75
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 4 - Small amplitude rhythmic oscillations, up to the limit of the available motion & stressed into tissue
resistance.
True
76
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade V - Small amplitude, high velocity, thrust technique. Performed to break adhesions
at the level of available motion (manipulation or chiropractic). (Stretch)
True
77
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 3 - Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations within the ROM, but not reaching the limitation
False
| Grade 2 - Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations within the ROM, but not reaching the limitation
78
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 3 - Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations within the ROM, but not reaching the limitation.
False
| Grade 2 - Large amplitude rhythmic oscillations within the ROM, but not reaching the limitation.
79
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade V - Small amplitude rhythmic oscillations, up to the limit of the available motion & stressed into tissue
resistance.
False
Grade 4 - Small amplitude rhythmic oscillations, up to the limit of the available motion & stressed into tissue
resistance.
80
Grades of mobilization
True or False
Grade 4 - Small amplitude, high velocity, thrust technique. Performed to break adhesions
at the level of available motion (manipulation or chiropractic). (Stretch)
False
Grade 5 - Small amplitude, high velocity, thrust technique. Performed to break adhesions
at the level of available motion (manipulation or chiropractic). (Stretch)
81
Absolute contraindications of mobilization (7)
- Joint ankylosis
- Neoplastic disease
- Diseases that affect the integrity of ligaments (RA, Down syndrome)
- Arterial insufficiency
- Active inflammation and/or infective process
- Alar ligament dysfunction
- Fractures
82
What does the vertebral artery test measure?
Integrity of vertebrobasilar artery
83
What is the alar ligament test for?
To assess integrity of alar ligament
84
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 1-2 muscle strain?
2-3 weeks
85
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 3 muscle strain?
4-6 weeks
86
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 1-2 tendon strain?
4-6 weeks
87
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 3 tendon strain?
8-12 weeks
88
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 1-2 ligament sprain?
6-8 weeks
89
How much time is the recovery time for grade 3 ligament sprain?
12-16 weeks
90
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 1-2 meniscus tear?
6-8 weeks
91
How much time is the recovery time for a grade 3 meniscus tear?
12-16 weeks
92
How much time could take for a fracture to recover?
6-8 weeks
93
On therapeutic exercise we use the F.I.I.T Principle which stands for
Frecuency
Intensity
Time/Duration of exercise
Type of exercise
94
List and describe the three phases of wound healing.
* Inflammatory – prepares the wound for healing
* Proliferative – focuses on building new tissue
* Maturation – remodelling
95
What happens to cells during tissue regeneration?
• Injured tissue is replaced with cells of the same type
96
List three characteristics of acute inflammatory
* Relatively short duration
* Nonspecific response to injury
* Aimed at removing injurious agent and limiting tissue damage
* Early reaction of local tissue and their blood vessels to injury
* Occurs before adaptive immunity becomes established
* Two major components: vascular stage and cellular stage
* Self limited and short duration
* Infiltration of neutrophils
* Exudates
