Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PANB > Assessment & Diagnosis > Flashcards

Assessment & Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is triage?

A

A method of sorting patients by the severity of their injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What triage system does ANB use?

A

Start – simple triage and rapid transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name and describe MCI Roles:

A

Safety officer – monitors all on scene actions and ensure that they do not create any harmful conditions Liaison officer – coordinates all incident operations that involve outside agencies
Public Info officer – collects data about the incident and releases them to the press
Critical incident stress management team – monitors the emotional status of all on-scene personnel, supports workers, and attempts to reduce stress, also conducts on-scene debriefing if necessary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How will patient allergy knowledge affect patient care?

A

Could prevent complications in the ER, in anaphylactic patients, ask about allergies to drugs, food, environmental ->bees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the components of an incident history?

A

Survey scene through windshield, potential hazards, determine MOI. 3 priorities, life safety, incident stabilization and property consultation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of a medical history include:

A

Preliminary date (age, data), chief complaint, present illness ->OPQRST, past history, current health status, review of systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List situations when information about a patients last oral intake may be required:

A

GI, GU, diabetic, possible surgical (MSK etc.) patients, altered level of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain primary assessment:

A

Goal is to identify and correct life threats to the ABC`s. 1 – form a general impression. 2 – Stabilize c- spine as needed. 3 – Assess baseline mental status. 4 – Airway. 5 – Breathing. 6 – Circulation. 7 – Determine priority of transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between trauma assessment and primary medical assessment?

A

RTS & Wetcheck vs SAMPLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain secondary assessment:

A

Consists of focused history, vital signs, physical assessment, is based on primary assessment and chief complaint. Assessment will differ depending on type of patient: responsive medical, unresponsive medical, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List assessment techniques for cardiovascular history:

A

Consists of; assess the carotid pulse, auscultate for bruits, measure jugular venous pressure, palpate for the apical impulse (PMI), percuss for the PMH. Auscultate for heart sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List neurological assessment techniques:

.

A

-mental status, speech, memory, alertness, slurred speech
Cranial nerves: 12 –> identify smells, shrug shoulders against resistance, etc. Motor system: muscle tone, ROM, arm drift, grip strength, coordination Sensory system: test light touch, pain – reflexes, biceps, triceps etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List respiratory assessment techniques:

A

Auscultate breath sounds; inspect symmetry, chest wall abnormalities, AMU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

. List obstetrical assessment techniques:

A

Obtain gravidity, length of gestation, measure fundal height, take vitals with patient lying on left side, examine genitals for discharge, progression of labour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List gastrointestinal assessment techniques:

A

Inspect before transport, ecchymosis in the periumbilical area, ecchymosis in the flank, tilt test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List genitourinary assessment techniques:

A

Urine, bowel input/output, last meal, last BM, hydration habits, fever, auscultate bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List integumentary assessment techniques:

A

Temp, turgor, colour, deformity, texture, edema, skin condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define neonatal patient:

A

Birth to 1 month of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Distinguish between “mentally unwell” and “mentally well” person:

A

Suffering from severe mental illness of unsound mind” vs. a unaffected person from mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List psychiatric assessment techniques:

A

Any history of mental illness? Is your patient being treated for a condition? Has your patient had thoughts or attempts of suicide? Tailor questions for patients with mental illness, i.e. don’t be aggressive, be patient, ask simple questions, don’t rush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define pediatric patient:

A

Neonatal to adolescence (1 month -> 18 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Explain developmental parameters:

A

Refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain the development diameters for pediatric:

A 
Newborns – first hours after birth 
Neonates - birth – 1 month 
Infants – 1-12 months
Toddlers - 1-3 years
Preschoolers – 3-5 years
School aged children – 6-12 years 
Adolescents – 13-18 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define geriatric patient:

A

A person aged 65 or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Discuss the effects of the aging process:

A

The body becomes less efficient with age. Decrease in one organ system may result in the deterioration of other systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Explain the variation in geriatric assessment findings:

A

BSI. Increase risk of TB -> consider HEPA or N-95, remain alert to environment, prescription drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define bariatric patient:

A

Defined as anyone regardless of age who has limitations in health and social care due to their weight and physical size, shape, width and mobility. BMI -> 40kg/m2 and/or are 40kg above weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Discuss the effects of obesity:

A

Life span may be reduced by 10-15 years, more prone to chronic illness, cardiac disease, hypertension, respiratory disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, stress incontinence, depression, and gallbladder disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Explain variations in assessment findings for bariatrics:

A

Treat patient with dignity and respect, may require different position for patient safety and comfort, and anticipate airway difficulty

30
Q

Define pulse:

A

A rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them

31
Q

List pulse locations:

A

Temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popiteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial

32
Q

Pulse for adult, normal vs abnormal

A

Adult – normal (60-100) Tachy (100+) Brady (60-)

33
Q

Factors that influence pulse:

A

Temperature, pain, PMI, emotional response, drugs, exercise, obesity, exhaustion

34
Q

Explain respirations:

A

The exchange of gases between a lining organism and its environment. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during inhalation/exhalation in lungs/cellular level

35
Q

Factors that influence respiratory rate:

A

Fever, anxiety, shock, sleep, metabolic disorders, diabetic, ketoacidosis, spinal meningitis, renal failure, exercise, head injury

36
Q

Factors that influence body temperature:

A

Extreme cold, hypothermia, heat waves, exercise, infection

37
Q

Describe the physiology of blood pressure:

A

Force of blood against arterial walls as heart contracts and relaxes. Systolic – force against arteries when ventricles contract. Diastolic – force against arteries when arteries relax

38
Q

Explain auscultation vs. palpation BP:

A

Auscultation is the act of listening to Karotkoff sounds with a stethoscope as opposed to palpation in which you feel for a distal pulse.

39
Q

Factors that influence blood pressure:

A

Anxiety, position (orthostatic pressure), smoking, exercising, eating, patient medical history, trauma (blood loss)

40
Q

Explain the physiology behind blood pressure by palpation:

A

Inflate the cuff until the pulse of the artery you’re palpating disappears, slowly deflate the cuff until the pulse return. This measurement is systolic. A diastolic measurement cannot be obtained with this method.

41
Q

Why use non-invasive blood pressure?

A

Can be continuous, allows for free movement and multitasking accuracy (when still), non invasive

42
Q

What are the 4 parameters for assessing skin?

A

Skin turgor, moisture, temperature, and colour

43
Q

Factors that affect skin temperature, colour, moisture and turgor:

A

Smoking, medications, cold/hot weather, chronic conditions, allergies (reaction)

44
Q

List the three parameters used to assess pupils

A

Pupil size, pupil equality, speed of response

45
Q

Identify the cranial nerve that regulates eye movement and contraction:

A

Occulomotor

46
Q

Identify conditions that effect pupil size, symmetry and reactivity:

A

Increased intracranial pressure, adverse drug effect, opiate overdose, brain death, hypoxia, bright/dim lighting

47
Q

Identify factors that asses patients mental status:

A

General appearance and behaviour, speech and language, mood, thought and perceptive insight and judgement, memory and attention

48
Q

Explain AVPU:

A

AVPU describes patients general mental status. A = alert (eyes open, tracking) V = responds to verbal stimulus P = responds to painful stimulus U = unresponsive ( patient comatose and doesn’t respond to painful stimulus)

49
Q

Explain GCS:

A

Standardized evaluation method to measure patient level of unconsciousness. Assesses best eye opening, verbal and motor responses, awarding points for each. Fully alert = 15, comatose/dead = 3

50
Q

Identify the factors that effect accuracy of pulse oximeter:

A

Nail polish, fluorescent lights, CO poisoning, hypovolemia, irregular heartbeats, COPD/smoking

51
Q

Describe the physiological properties of oxygen:

A

An odorless, colourless, tasteless gas essential for life. One of the most important emergency drugs.

52
Q

Explain end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring:

A

Used to confirm tube placement with intubation. Confirms the presence of CO2 with exhalation which will only come from the lungs.

53
Q

Explain the factors that may limit the reliability of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring:

A

Ventilator settings, malfunctions, leaks, tubing obstruction

54
Q

Explain the relationship of end-tidal carbon dioxide to arterial blood gas measurement of partial
pressure of arterial carbon dioxide:

A

Under normal physiologic conditions the difference between arterial PCO2 from ABG and alveolar PCO2 is 2-5 mmHg. This difference is termed the PaCO2 – PETCO gradient or the a-ADCO2 and can be increased by COPD, ARDS, leak in the sampling system or around the tube.

55
Q

Differentiate between sidestream, microstream and mainstream end-tidal carbon dioxide:

A

Sidestream are located away from the airway, require gas sample to be continuously aspirated from the breathing circuit -> transported by means of a pump.
Advantage -> mainstream sensors are fast responsive time and elimination of water

56
Q

Identify indications for glucometric testing:

A

Altered mental status, seizure, diabetic emergency, stokes

57
Q

Factors that affect glucometric testing results:

A

Alcohol from the swab, calibration of glucometer

58
Q

Describe the physiological mechanism of glucose:

A

Glucose works by providing the body with energy. It comes in the forms of carbohydrates or simple sugars and is naturally found in plants and commercially in food products.

59
Q

Identify indications for providing peripheral venipunction:

A

Blood draws, IV -> because illness, diagnostic, medical administration, hydration

60
Q

Differentiate between core and peripheral temperature monitoring.

A

Core – body temp of deep tissues, which does not normally vary for than a degree or so

61
Q

Define central venous catheterization:

A

Surgical puncture of the internal jugular or femoral vein.

62
Q

Indications for central venous catheterization:

A

Central ones are larger than peripheral veins and will not collapse after long term use.

63
Q

Explain the electrophysiologic principles of the heart and cardiac conduction:

A

Parts of the conductive system:
S-A node: known as the hearts natural pacemaker, the SA has special cells that create the electricity that makes your heart beat.
A-V node: the AV node is the bridge between the atria and ventricles. Electric signals pass from the atria down to the ventricles through the AV node.
HIS-Purkinje system: the His-Purkinje system carries the electrical signals throughout the ventricles to make them contract. The parts of His-Purkinje system include, Bundle(start of system) right bundle branch, left bundle branch, Purkinje fibers (the end of the system)
The SA node normally produces 60-100 electrical signals per minute, this is your heart rate. With each pulse, signals from the SA node follow a natural electrical pathway through the heart walls. The movement of the electrical signals cause your hearts chambers to contract and relax.

64
Q

Indications for ECG monitoring:

A

Chest pain, suspected cardiac origin, shock, syncope, altered LOC, general weakness, trauma, etc.

65
Q

. Technique for obtaining a three lead ECG:

A

Turn on the machine, prepare the skin, apply the electrodes, ask the patient to relax and remain still, check the ECG, print the ECG strip, continue patient care.

66
Q

Describe the principles of interpretation of cardiac rhythms:

A

1- Analyze the rate: 6 second method, triplicate method
2- Analyze the rhythm : occasionally irregular, regularly irregular, irregular
3- Analyze the P waves: present? Regular? Upright or inverted?
4- Analyze the P-R interval: 0.12 – 0.20 sec (3-5 small boxes)
5- Analyze the QRS complex: 0.01-0.12 sec (3 small boxes) do all of the QRS complexes look the same?

67
Q

Identify potentially lethal cardiac rhythms:

A

Ventricular, fibrillation, asystole, atrial fibrillation

68
Q

Identify steps involved in interpreting a 12 lead

5 step procedure:

A 
1- Analyze the rate
2- Analyze the rhythm
3- Analyze the P-waves 
4- Analyze the PR interval
5- Analyze the QRS complex
69
Q

Identify indications and rational for performing urinalysis:

A

Suspected UTI, kidney disorders, change in urine/bowel habits

70
Q

Common assessments associated with urinalysis by Qualitive method:

A

Blood/hemoglobin, erythrocytes, white blood cells, pH, glucose, ketones, proteins

PANB (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions