Assessment FINAL Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
MMPI Dates
A
MMPI developed in 1930’s ; MMPI-2 debuted in 1989
2
Q
MMPI Clinical Scales 1, 2, 3
A
- Hypochondriasis - Hs
- Depression - D
- Hysteria - Hy
3
Q
MMPI Clinical Scales 4, 5, 6
A
- Psychopathic Deviate - Pd
- Masculinity-Femininity - Mf
- Paranoia - Pa
4
Q
MMPI Clinical Scales 7, 8, 9, 0
A
- Psychasthenia - Pt
- Schizophrenia - Sc
- Mania - Ma
- Social Introversion - Si
5
Q
Requirements for MMPI Test-Taker
A
- Adequate vision/hearing/hand use
- Adequate stamina for 1-2 hour test
- Reading comp. of at least 6th grade, English proficiency
(recommended 8th grade education) - Borderline or higher IQ
- No drugs/alcohol/neuro/psychosis affecting cognition
also:
- Informed consent
- Rapport built
6
Q
Regular and short form # of questions
A
567 regular, 370 short form
client can stop at 370 for fatigue as well and still have valid validity/clinical scales, but not content scales
7
Q
Validity Scales #1: Traditional
A
? Cannot say L Lie (15 items) F Infrequency (60 items) K Correction (30 items)
8
Q
Validity Scales #2: MMPI-2
A
VRIN Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (49 items)
TRIN True Response Inconsistency Scale (23 items)
FB F-Back (40 items)
F(p) Infrequency-Psychopathology
S Superlative
9
Q
Purpose of Validity Scales
A
- Determine test-taking attitude
- Correlated with personality traits/behaviors; can enrich
interpretation - Validity determination should not be made on basis of one score/index
10
Q
Cannot Say Scale (?)
A
- Number of Unscorable Items because Individual did not answer or answered both T and F
- Invalid if ? > 30
- Check to see if patients left items blank or answered T+F.
Go back and re-answer if possible - Always examine omitted item content
11
Q
Variable Response Inconsistency Scale (VRIN)
A
- 49 pairs of items
- Detect inconsistent or contradictory responding
- Either similar or different item groups.
Similar = inconsistent if one T, one F
Different = inconsistent if both T or both F - High scores = difficulty in understanding OR lack of
cooperation - VRIN complements L, F, and K interpretation
High F, High VRIN = carelessness/confusion
High F, Low VRIN = psychopathology or faking bad
12
Q
True Response Inconsistency Scale (TRIN)
A
- 23 pairs of items [like chromosomes]
- Detects inconsistent or contradictory responding
- Only contains opposite content pairs (e.g. “I am happy” and “I am sad” both marked as T)
- High TRIN ( >13 ) = indiscriminate marking of items as true Low TRIN (<5) = indiscriminate marking of items as false
(normal range 5-13)
13
Q
Infrequency (F)
A
- 60 items; 90% of standard normal group resp. in the same direction on these items, so deviation is unusual
- Detects tendency to respond unusually; the main theme is psychoticism
- Normal controls score under 55T (Raw = 6)
- High F is among most sensitive scales indicating severity
of maladjustment. Elevated F = poor comprehension,
random responding, severe psychosis, or malingering
14
Q
F-Back Scale (FB)
A
- 40 items. Same 90% agreement as F scale.
- Functions like F but later in the test (After #281, most items
between #300-#567)
-Theme is acute distress and depression
15
Q
Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale – F(p)
A
- Designed to understand F scale elevation, which could be
poor comprehension, random response, and fake/real
psychopathology - Items were endorsed by <20% of Psychiatric (not Normal)
population - High scores = overreporting of psychopathology (if VRIN
and TRIN are not elevated)
16
Q
Lie Scale (L)
A
- Endorsement of culturally-laudable but rare
attitudes/practices. Tryin’ to look good - 15 Items
- Low: acknowledging faults. Typical of more sophisticated
people - High: Rigid, concrete thinker. Likely unsophisticated –
obvious attempt to look good
17
Q
K Scale (K Correction Scale)
A
- Measures defensiveness, but less lofty than L; about daily
things and coping - 30 items
- High: able to manage stressors, competent. Found with
vocational achievement and education (higher, not
elevated scores show this)
- However, High K + emotional problems = lack of
insight, dogmatic, controlling - Low: overwhelmed by stressors and unable to cope
18
Q
Superlative Self-Presentation Scale (S)
A
- Measures: belief in goodness, serenity, contentment, patience, denial of anger or moral flaws
- Correlates with K scale
- High scorers might be relaxed, un-moody, “chill”
- Functioning must be looked at. If S+K are high and patient
functions, may reflect ego strength. If not, could be faking
good
19
Q
Validity Indices: F - FB
A
- If FB > F by 6 or more = Invalid back half and therefore
invalid test - Could reflect fatigue or other problems in second half of
test
20
Q
Validity Indices: F - K Index
A
- Dissimulation Index: one of the originals. Did the individual attempt to exaggerate psychopathology?
- F-K > 12 (women) or 17 (men) = “fake bad”
- F-K < 0 = “fake good”
- More useful for fake bad than fake good
21
Q
Scale 1 - Hypochondriasis (Hs)
A
- Somatic/Physical Issues
Mild elev. –> actual problems
High elev. –> vague, bizarre somatic
22
Q
Scale 2 - Depression (D)
A
- Distress/Dysphoria
Mild elev. –> distress, dissatisfaction, mild depression
High elev. –> clinical depression
23
Q
Scale 3 - Hysteria (Hy)
A
- Denial + Physical symptoms
Mild elev. –> medical patients w/ mild tendency to avoid
feelings; express emotions through ailments
High elev. –> denial of emotional problems; tendency to
express feelings through symptoms more intense;
lack of insight; conforming, naive, immature
psychologically
24
Q
Scale 4 - Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
A
- Rebelliousness, Antisocial behavior
Mild elev. –> rebellion that is socially acceptable;
dislike of authority
High elev. –> tendency for AS/Criminal behavior;
serious disregard for authority; angry and impulsive
25
Scale 5 - Masculinity-Femininity (Mf)
- Elevations = opposite-sex ID
- Lower scores = traditional gender role ID/Bx
Does not determine sexual orientation.
26
Scale 6 - Paranoia (Pa)
- Mild elevations = suspicion, rationalization, external blame
- Higher elevations = frank paranoia; hostility; persecutory
anxiety
27
Scale 7 - Psychasthenia (Pt)
- Mild elevations = obsessions, gen. anxiety, self-doubt
| - Higher elevations = anxiety disorder
28
Scale 8 - Schizophrenia (Sc)
- Mild elevations = bizarre experiences, social alienation,
severe stress reaction
- High scores (>75) may suggest:
psychosis, head injury, schizoid personality, acute
distress, substance abuse, cry for help
29
Scale 9 - Hypomania (Ma)
- Mild elevation = distractible, high energy, occasional
grandiosity, suspiciousness, irritability
- High elevations = hypomania to mania symptoms
(expansive, elated, euphoric)
Consider activity level.
30
Scale 0 - Social Introversion (Si)
- T < 45 = extrovert, likes people, friendly/outgoing
- T 55-65 = introverted temperament, prefer alone, small
groups. autonomous
- Elevated = social withdrawal; interpersonal discomfort,
insecurity, submission, aloofness, possibly schizoid.
31
Name three possibilities for single-scale invalidity
Cannot say >30
VRIN >15
TRIN 13
32
What is FB for?
FB compares distress reporting in the two halves of the test to find more subtle fatigue, faking, or emotional provocation in patients.
It was determined like the F scale (response pool 90% in agreement, thus endorsement of these items is rare)
33
What is F(p) for?
- F(p) helps understand F scale elevations.
- F(p) was determined with a psychiatric population, rather
than a normal one, who endorsed <20% of the items.
- May be elevated due to random response, poor
comprehension, genuine psychopathology or faking bad
- Very high scores DO NOT invalidate the clinical profile,. A
very high score may invalidate Content Scales, though.
- High F with High F(p) is likely overreporting symptoms.
(Somatization, cry for help, sick ID)
34
Conversion V
132 or 213 (or flipped to 231)
* *
*
Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si
- High hypochondriasis, hysteria + depression
35
Passive-Aggressive V (Scarlett O'Hara V)
465 or 645
* *
*
Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si
- High deviance and paranoia w/ elevated MF
(gender nonconformity)
36
Psychotic V (Paranoid Valley)
687 or 867 (can be flipped to 768/786)
* *
*
Hs D Hy Pd Mf Pa Pt Sc Ma Si
37
Five Steps in Interpretation
1. Determine validity
2. ID significant configurations (up to 3 scales, e.g.
"conversion V")
3. ID all code types >65T (2- and 3-scale)
4. Spike elevations IF only one scale stands out
5. ID relevant LOW scores
Valid-Config-Code-Spike-Low
38
K+ Profile (false negative)
- K at least 60
K > F by at least 5T
L + K > F
- No scale above 65T
6 scales below 56T
This may be a defensive person who sees mental problems as weakness. Sometimes high SES, denying. Could be suspicious and fearful.
48% are psychotic? If inpatient, suggest a false negative.
39
Floating Profile
- High F (>80T)
- All or most scales about >65
A little bit of everything! BPD may figure in; moodiness, outbursts, and various defenses, with no pattern.
40
Seven Report Sections
- Intro, History, Bx Observations, Tests, Results,
| Summary/Dx, Recommendations
41
Good rapport building stuff for client feedback
- Be empathic
- Avoid jargon
- Use pg. 1 summary as prop if feasible
- Ask patient to summarize to show their comprehension
- Don't be defensive; ask for their experience
42
16PF Global Factors (5)
```
Extraversion
Independence
Tough-mindedness
Self-control
Anxiety
```
"EAST-I"
or
"i.e. TSA"
43
16PF: RIASEC
```
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional
```
44
How many 16PF Items are there?
185.
45
What does PF stand for?
Personality Factors
46
What factor was 'separated out' for the MMPI-2-RF?
Demoralization
47
MMPI: Pros and Cons of RC scales?
Cons: May deviate too far from original scales and previous
research may not be useful for this reason.
Pros: Equal to higher internal consistency, reliability, validity
48
MMPI: Linear T Scores vs. Uniform
MMPI uses Uniform (similar % values) except for 5 and 0,
| which are Linear (not forced into normal curve bc they supposedly do not represent clinical constructs)
49
MMPI: Underrepresented Groups
- Native Americans
- Asians
- 70-84 y.o.
- people with under 12 years of education
50
CISS correspondences to Holland Themes
```
R -- Producing
I -- A(N)alyzing
A -- Creating
S -- Helping
E -- Influencing
C -- Organizing
```
[Also Adventuring, which doesn't correspond]
PNCHIO
PACHIO
(both sound kind of like Pinocchio. Might not need to know this anyway.)
51
Campbell Interest and Skills Inventory (CISS)
- 320 items
- 6-point Likert Scale
- 25 minutes
- 6th grade reading level
- Age 15 and up
(I)
High Low
High | Pursue Explore |
(A)
Low | Develop Avoid |
52
CISS Scales and Ranges
- Orientation
- Basic Skills and Interests Both 30-70
- Occupational 25-75
53
Skill Types
- Transferable
- Existing Certifications or Licensures
- Hobby Skills
- Other
54
Some Work Sample Examples (3)
- Purdue Pegboard
- Valpar Work Sample System
- Computer Skills / Keyboarding
55
Achievement/Academic Tests (4)
- Woodcock-Johnson
- WIAT-III
- WRAT-IV
- Nelson-Denny
56
Assessing Job Readiness (3)
- Work history
- Knowledge of the world of work
- Job seeking skills
57
Vocational Goal-setting (3)
- Specificity
- Realism
- Drive
58
Areas in Vocational Report
- History/Background
- Disability Factors
- Vocational Goals
- Aptitudes
- Achievement
- Skills
- Interests
- Samples of Work
- Behavior Observations
BASH DIVAS
59
Attendant Factors
- Limitations based on the person (disability, religious commitments, etc.)
60
Suicide Items on MMPI-2
#303, #506, #520, #524 -- all TRUE
Most of time wish I were dead
I have recently considered killing myself
Lately I have thought a lot about killing myself
No one knows it but I have tried to kill myself
61
MMPI-2 in specific populations
- Olders: 70+ underrepresented but no new norms needed, only small differences found, T +65 likely indicates same problems across age groups
```
- Adolescents: MMPI-A (1992)
478 items
14-18
7th grade reading level
adequate internal const., test-retest less stable
over one year.
```
62
Interpreting Content Scales
- Use entire 567 items (not 370)
- Refine meanings of clinical scales
- Good consistency/stability/validity
- Limited usefulness with: [High K] or [Low L-Low K-High F]
T > 65: many descriptors
T 60-65: fewer descriptors
63
Ethnic Groups
- African Americans: few differences if matched by age and
SES. Explore context if deviant scores
- Hispanics: Spanish available. More similarities than
differences, match by SES
- Native Americans: moderately high scores in general
(T=50-60)
- Asian Americans: more research required
- Substance Abuse: Scale 4, APS/AAS/MAC-R
Less research on Rx drugs than alcohol, scales stay high
even after recovery; know patient
64
PTSD
- PK scale
- 60 male Vietnam Vets for Norming
- Emotional turmoil: anx, worry, guilt, dep., disturbing
thoughts, lack of emotional control
- Applicability: military. Susceptible to overreporting. PK
may indicate general distress if VERY high.
65
Psychotic vs. Neurotic Slope
Psychotic: mostly elevation after 5
Neurotic: mostly elevation before 5
VERY GENERAL
66
Spike Profile
Any scale over 65 and higher than all other scales by at least 8 T-scores
67
Non-psychotic 678
Scale 7 (middle, Pt) is the highest.
Tense, preoccupied with failure
Much less likely to be psychotic than if 7 is lower than 68
68
Uses for Vocational Assessment
- Counseling
- Out placement (merger, downsizing, fired)-- transferrable
skills
- Contract with companies for staffing
- HS/Colleges often through parents
- Consultant/Expert witness
Disability, Social Security, Impact of Injury/Income
69
BFJR
Bona Fide Job Requirement -- used to exclude people from
| jobs
