Assessment Final Flashcards
(36 cards)
Content Validity Bias
an item/test is more difficult for one group than others when general ability level is held constant
Construct Validity Bias
is the test measuring the same hypothetical traits/construct
-use factor analysis
Predictive Validity Bias
is a test related to a criterion (e.g., achievement)
-also called slope bias
Conceptualizations of Test Bias
Egalitarian definition
group difference in test scores indicates a test bias?
doesn’t mean the test itself is biased
Conceptualizations of Test Bias
Standardization definition
test is biased against the groups omitted from the standardization sample?
Conceptualizations of Test Bias
Culture-Bound definition
“culture-loaded items” are biased against certain groups?
general and culture knowledge; heavily loaded verbally
Statistical perspective of test bias
test bias refers to systematic error in the estimation of some “true” value for a group of individuals
Implications for Assessment of CLD Children
- assess a child’s level of acculturation
- assess home language and development in English
- use multiple sources of information
Non-verbal assessment
- low in linguistic demands
- is nonverbal assessment “culturally fair or culture free?”
- testing is itself a “cultural activity”; all tests have some degree of cultural loading
Dynamic Assessment
assess the degree to which children improve with feedback
Ecological Assessment
assess the quality of school and community support in terms of language and learning
-do they have skills that might be adaptive for their culture or origin?
Bilingual Assessment
Assessment of bilinguals by bilingual school psychologists
Acculturation
cultural, psychological changes that results from contact with culturally dissimilar groups
Culture-Language Interpretive Matrices
attempt to tease apart if test scores are systematically affected by cultural loading and linguistic demands
-thus far, empirical support for this approach is lacking
Culture-Language Test Classifications (C-LTC):
WISC
Matrix Reasoning (low,low) Block Design (mod,low) Symbol Search (mod,low) Digit Span (mod,low) Coding (mod,low) Letter-Number Sequencing (high,low) Similarities (high,high) Vocabulary (high,high)
Working with a Translator
- selecting a translator
- briefing the translator
- positioning yourself and the interpreter
Influential Approach to Intelligence
one of the most influential approaches is based on psychometric testing
Stability of Intelligence
intelligence may be the most stable trait of all psychological traits
Stability of Intelligence and Age
Less stable for infants and preschoolers than for older children
- more stable for young children with developmentally delayed than for non-delayed children
- scores seem to stabilize at about age 6
Intelligence as Predictors
- academic achievement
- ses
- occupational level and job performance
- health and longevity
Hereditary Influence on Intelligence
- children do not inherit an IQ
- inherit a genotype
- express a phenotype resulting for GxE interactions
- Heritability (h2) variance goes up and shared (environment) variance (c2) goes down with age
Genotype
a collection of genes/genetic make up that is inherited
-can manifest itself in different ways at different ages
Phenotype
an expression of the genotype
-observable traits stemming from GxE
How are genetic estimates calculated?
Twin Studies (MZ and DZ) and Adoption Studies
