assessment of cervical spine

Question 1

upper cervical ROM: flexion

Answer 1

20 deg (C0-2)

Question 2

cervical ROM: flexion

Answer 2

45 deg

Question 3

upper cervical ROM: extension

Answer 3

25 deg (C0-2)

Question 4

cervical ROM: extension

Answer 4

45 deg

Question 5

upper cervical ROM: side-bending

Answer 5

5 deg (C0-1)

Question 6

cervical ROM: side-bending

Answer 6

45 deg

Question 7

upper cervical ROM: rotation

Answer 7

40 deg (C1-2)

Question 8

cervical ROM: rotation

Answer 8

60 deg

Question 9

cervical loose packed

Answer 9

midway between flexion and extension

Question 10

cervical close packed

Answer 10

full extension

Question 11

capsular pattern

Answer 11

side-bend = rotation > extension

Question 12

external occipital protuberence

Answer 12

midline bump superior to hairline

Question 13

superior nuchal line

Answer 13

lateral to external occipital protuberence

Question 14

mastoid

Answer 14

directly under earlobes

Question 15

C1 transverse process

Answer 15

halfway between mastoid and mandible
deep to SCM

Question 16

C2 spinous process

Answer 16

first spinous process inferior to occiput, bifid

Question 17

facet joints

Answer 17

posterior lateral slope of hexagonal neck

Question 18

C6 and C7 spinous processes

Answer 18

extend the spine, C6 translates anterior first then C7
T1 does not move

Question 19

first rib

Answer 19

width of mastoid at the base of the neck

Question 20

spinous processes

Answer 20

T1 - found in cervical palpation
T3 - spine of scapula
T7 - inferior angle of scapula

Question 21

transverse processes and ribs
(finger rule)

Answer 21

T1-2: 1 finger
T3-4: 2 fingers
T5-8: 3 fingers
T9-10: 2 fingers
T11-12: 1 finger

Question 22

2nd rib

Answer 22

highest accessible rib from anterior

Question 23

vertebral artery non-ischemic

Answer 23

ipsi posterior head/neck pain

Question 24

vertebral artery ischemic

Answer 24

dizziness, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, drop attacks ataxia
nausea, nystagmus, numbness in face
cognitive change
photophobia

Question 25

carotid artery non-ischemic

Answer 25

unfamiliar head/neck pain horner's syndrome pulsatile tinnitus

Question 26

carotid artery ischemic

Answer 26

TIA iscemic stroke CAN GO BACK, TOO LATE

Question 27

alar ligament testing

Answer 27

sitting upright palpates C2 and side bends head to one side SP should move contra to side bending + SP does not move to contralat side of side bending

Question 28

modified sharp-purser test

Answer 28

sitting, flex neck one hand on forehead and the other pinching C2 push hands toward each other - firm end feel + reproduction of symptoms during flexion or sliding motion of head

Question 29

cervical flexion ROM

Answer 29

stationary arm: perpendicular to floor fulcrum: ear hole movement arm: base of nose 0-45 deg

Question 30

cervical extension ROM

Answer 30

stationary arm: perpendicular to floor fulcrum: ear hole movement arm: base of nose 0-45 deg

Question 31

cervical side bend ROM

Answer 31

stationary arm: perpendicular to floor fulcrum: SP of C7 movement arm: bisecting cranium vertically 0-45 deg

Question 32

Cervical Rotation ROM

Answer 32

stationary arm: lateral border of acromion fulcrum: superior surface and center of cranium movement arm: parallel with nose 0-60 deg

Question 33

cervical flexion 0-5

Answer 33

pt supine, tucks chin to sternum apply resistance through chin into extension longus colli

Question 34

cervical anterolateral flexion 0-5

Answer 34

pt supine, laterally flex apply resistance through forehead

Question 35

cervical extension 0-5

Answer 35

pt prone, head up pply resistance through base of cranium

Question 36

upper extremity myotomes

Answer 36

C1-2: cervical flexion C3: cervical side bend C4: scap elevation C5: GH abduction C6: elbow flexion C7: elbow extension C8: thumb abduction T1: 5th finger abduction

Question 37

upper extremity reflexes

Answer 37

C5: biceps C6: brachioradialis C7: triceps C1-4: scapulohumeral (+/-) hoffmann's: finger flick (+/-)

Question 38

upper extremity sensory testing

Answer 38

C2: mastoid C3: collar bone C4: acromion C5: outer bicep C6: base of thumb C7: middle finger C8: base of pinky T1: medial lower arm T2: medial upper arm

Question 39

prone C2-C3 PAIVM

Answer 39

pt prone palpate facet joint apply force into table

Question 40

side-glide PAIVM

Answer 40

pt supine move articular pillar to the side

Question 41

thoracic spine central PA mobilization

Answer 41

pt prone push into table

Question 42

median nerve bias

Answer 42

pt supine hand on shoulder to keep from abducting move arm into abd with elbow flexed extend wrist and fingers 1-3 externally rotate shoulder and extend elbow

Question 43

radial nerve tension test

Answer 43

pt supine prevent abd of shoulder thumb inside fist internal rotate shoulder and extend elbow

Question 44

ulnar erve tension test

Answer 44

pt supine hand on shoulder to keep from abducting move arm into abd with elbow flexed extend wrist and fingers 4-5 flex elbow and bring hand to ear

Question 45

closed fist percussion sign

Answer 45

firm closed fist + sharp sudden pain

Question 46

Lhermitte's sign

Answer 46

sitting with arms relaxed flex cervical spine + electrical response near end ROM