Assessment of Chemical Dependency Midterm

Question 1

What is moderate or low risk drinking?

Answer 1

For women its 3 drinks a day or 7 drinks a week.

For men its 4 drinks a day or 14 drinks a week.

Question 2

Whats the blood alcohol level for binge drinking?

Answer 2

Above .08.

Question 3

Substance abuse disorder in the DSM?

Answer 3

Continuum of mild to severe. 3-4 symptoms out of 11 is considered mild.

Question 4

Traditional treatment is…

Answer 4

Confrontational. Spiritually oriented. One-size fits all.

Question 5

Contemporary treatment is…

Answer 5

Evidence based. Understanding of psychopharmacology and ambivalence.

Question 6

5 Stages of Change:

Answer 6

Precontemplation (not thinking about it)
Contemplation (willing to consider the problem)
Preparation (commitment to change)
Action (put a plan into action)
Maintenance (sustaining change)

Question 7

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 7

Intrinsic is doing something because you enjoy it. Extrinsic is doing something to achieve a goal or avoid consequences.

Question 8

Effects of depressants.

Answer 8

Relaxation, anti-anxiety, and sleep induction.

Question 9

Examples of depressants.

Answer 9

Tranquilizers, barbituates, benzodiazepines, GHB, rohypnol, and alcohol.

Question 10

Synergistic effects of depressants.

Answer 10

Combining them increases the potency. Risk of OD.

Question 11

Physical dependence of depressants:

Answer 11

Tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 12

Medications for coming off of depressants:

Answer 12

Antabuse, disulfiram, naloxone, naltrexone, and benzodiazapines for tapered withdrawal.

Question 13

Blood Alcohol Content

Answer 13

BAC .01-.02 Individual seems typical; impairment picked up with some specific tests
BAC .03-.05 Mild euphoria, relaxation; concentration impaired
BAC .06-.09 Disinhibition; impaired reasoning, depth perception
BAC .10-.19 Increased emotionality, decreased libido; impaired reflexes and reaction time, staggering, slurred speech
BAC .20+ Loss of bodily control, severely impaired, potential loss of consciousness

Question 14

Medical properties of marijuana.

Answer 14

Appetite enhancement, pain reduction, seizure suppressant.

Question 15

Marijuana active ingredients and mechanisms of action.

Answer 15

THC: euphoric effects (CB1).
CBD: anti anxiety and anti inflammatory (CB2).
CB1 brain receptor alters mood and cognition and increases dopamine.
CB2 periphery receptors reduces pain and swelling.

Question 16

Examples of stimulants:

Answer 16

cocaine, meth, adhd meds, MDMA, nicotine, caffeine, and synthetic cathinones like bath salts and flakka.

Question 17

Effects and withdrawal symptoms of stimulants:

Answer 17

Euphoria, confusion, paranoia, mania.

Depression, anxiety, fatigue, paranoia.

Question 18

Narcotic

Answer 18

American legal term for cocaine and opiates.

Question 19

Opioid effects:

Answer 19

Pain relief (analgesic), euphoria, respiratory depression, nausea, sedation, and constipation.

Question 20

What is opium?

Answer 20

Dried latex from the poppy plant.

Question 21

Administering opium:

Answer 21

Intravenous (most intense), intranasal, smoked, and oral.

Question 22

What are opiate receptors and where are they found?

Answer 22

Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, and Zeta receptors found in the brain, spinal chord, and digestive tract.

Question 23

Delta Receptors location and effects:

Answer 23

Brain and peripheral neurons.

Analgesic, antidepressant, dependence, convulsant.

Question 24

Kappa Receptors location and effects:

Answer 24

Brain, spinal chord, and peripheral neurons.

Analgesic, anticonvulsant, depressive, dissociative, sedation.

Question 25

Natural types of opiates:

Answer 25

From the resin of poppy plants. | Morphine (heroin), Codeine, Kratom

Question 26

Synthetic opiates:

Answer 26

Hyrdocodone, oxycodone, methadone.

Question 27

Tolerance and withdrawal of opiates.

Answer 27

Tolerance has protective effects against overdosing. | Withdrawal consists of flu like symptoms and mood symptoms.

Question 28

Opiate overdose:

Answer 28

Respiratory depression to the point of death. Increased risk when taken with other depressants and after abstinence.

Question 29

Opiate overdose prevention:

Answer 29

Narcan (naloxone): Opiate antagonist for quick OD reversal.

Question 30

Meds for opiate abuse:

Answer 30

buprenorphine and naloxone

Question 31

Direct agonist

Answer 31

Chemical structure mimics that of an NT. e.g. marijuana, and heroin.

Question 32

Indirect agonist

Answer 32

Causes neurons to release excessive amounts of natural NT. e.g. cocaine and amphetamines

Question 33

Drugs impact on reward system.

Answer 33

Disrupts the normal system of pleasurable experience => dopamine release.

Question 34

Developing addiction

Answer 34

Brain response to increased dopamine over time by reducing receptors or creating less dopamine. Receptors are more difficult to activate requiring more dopamine hence more drugs. Drug use becomes less voluntary.

Question 35

Fentanyl

Answer 35

Most well known synthetic opioid often found laced into heroin.

Question 36

Bribe

Answer 36

Providing reinforcement before the target behavior has occurred.

Question 37

Enabling

Answer 37

Reinforcing a negative behavior or helping avoid the negative consequences of that behavior.

Question 38

Example of sentencing disparity:

Answer 38

5 grams of crack = 5 years of prison while 500 grams of cocaine equals the same time.

Question 39

Most likely to binge drink

Answer 39

18-25 year old white or hispanic male, 50k+ income