Assessment of Nervous System

Question 1

Neuroglial Cells

Answer 1

Nerve glue, support the neurons
of the CNS
5-10 more numerous than neurons
5 Types

Question 2

Astrocytes

Answer 2

Fill spaces between neurons and surround blood vessels’
Provides physical support,
nourishes, and regulates
chemical environment

Question 3

Oligodendroglia

oligodendrocytes

Answer 3

Formation of myelin w/in the CNS
(around axons)
(counterparts of schwann cells
in PNS)

Question 4

Mircroglia

Answer 4

monouclear cells from bone marrow
Responsible for removing debris
(phagocytosis) in the CNS
Respond to infection

Question 5

Ependymal cells

Answer 5

Line CSF filled cavities (the ventricles and
choroid plexus) of CNS
Also part of the blood brain barrier & aid
in regulating composition of CSF

Question 6

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 6

The flow of ions between segments of myelin
rather than along the entire length of axon
(hopping)

Question 7

CNS

Answer 7

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 8

PNS

Answer 8

A) autonomic nervous system
a) Parasympathetic
b) Sympathetic
B) cranial nerves

Question 9

Synapse

Answer 9

Junction between neurons which
impulses travel
must have:
* stimulus
*action potential
*calcium gates opening
*neurotransmitters

Question 10

Acetylcholine

Answer 10

In the central nervous system,
 acetylcholine acts as part of a neurotransmitter system and
 plays a role in attention and 
arousal. In the peripheral
 nervous system, this 
neurotransmitter
 is a major part of the autonomic 
nervous system and works for good nerve 
and muscle transmission

Question 11

cholinesterase

Answer 11

Inhibits acetylcholine

Question 12

Norepinephrine

Answer 12

Alpha adrenergic receptors
beta adrenergic receptors
B1 - Heart
B2 - lungs, atreries, liver and uterus

Question 13

Dopamine

Answer 13

Inhibitory or excitatory
helps control fine movement and emotions
a problem in Parkinsons
assoc. with eating, drinking behavior and sexual behavior

Question 14

Gaba

Answer 14

amino acid, more of an inhibitory neurotransmittor

things like ativan work with gaba to relax

Question 15

Serotonin

Answer 15

Usually inhibitory

controls sleep, hunger, behavior and affects consciousness

Question 16

effect of acidosis on synaptic transmission

Answer 16

depresses neuronal activity

Ph from 7.4 to 7.0 induces coma

Question 17

Effect of alkalosis n synaptic transmission

Answer 17

Increases neuronal excitability

Ph from 7.0 to 8.0 usually induces seizures

Question 18

Effect of hypoxia on synaptic transmission

Answer 18

Brain is highly dependent on O2

Interruption of brain blood flow from 3-7 seconds can lead to unconsciousness

Question 19

meninges

Answer 19

surrounds brain and extends down to sacrum
three layers
dura- tough layer attaches to scull
arachnoid- fine layer 
pia mater- delicate layer

Question 20

Circle of Willis

Answer 20

Located beneath the brain about the level of the pons
anterior communicating artery &
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery &
posterior cerebral artery

Question 21

Different lobes of brain

Answer 21

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Cerebellum
Temporal Lobe

Question 22

Frontal Lobe Functions

Answer 22

Controls Movements of voluntary muscles

injury to this affects personality and social behavior

Question 23

Parietal Lobe Functions

Answer 23

Pain, coldness & touch

Question 24

Occipital Lobe Functions

Answer 24

Receives & interprets visual stimuli

Question 25

Temporal Lobe Functions

Answer 25

Receives interprets olfactory and visual stimuli Contains auditory processing to understand spoken words Contains the hippocampus, important for new memory formation

Question 26

Basal Ganglia

Answer 26

made up of several structures, one in particular is the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA regulates and controls influences on motor integration, suppressing muscle tone influences postural reflexes( a major extrapyramidal motor system)

Question 27

Thalamus

Answer 27

relay station for sensory and motor , to and from cerebral cortex

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

Regulates temp, H2O, Metabolism, appetite, emotional expression, sleep-wake cycle and thirst

Question 29

Epithalamus

Answer 29

Growth and development

Question 30

Brain Stem Contains:

Answer 30

Midbrain - Upper portion- cranial nerves 3-4 Pons - Between midbrain and medulla - cranial nerves - 5,6,7,8 Medulla - controls cardiac, vasomotor, RR-centers Most all cranial nerves arise from the brain stem-

Question 31

Cerebellum

Answer 31

Balance (ballerina) located below the occipital lobes