Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal > Assessment of Renal/Urinary System > Flashcards

Assessment of Renal/Urinary System Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Renin

  • what is it
  • when is it activated
A

Hormone that helps regulate blood flow, GFR, and BP

secreted when sensing cells sense changes in blood volume, BP, or sodium levels are low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Renin converts to ___

A

renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which causes secretion of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

condition that signals decreased tissue perfusion

pg 1468

A

low BP
low blood volume
low blood sodium
low blood oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of aldosterone

A

increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and water
restores BP, blood volume and sodium levels
also promotes excretion of potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

angiotensin II

-what does it do

pg 1468

A

Rapid constriction of arteries and veins, increasing peripheral resistance and decreasing the size of vascular bed
construction of afferent arterioles in kidney nephrons
stimulates adrenal secretion of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Angiotensin II –> constriction of afferent arterioles in kidney nephrons

this leads to what

A

decreased glomerular filtration

decreased urine formation and increased water and sodium reabsorption

increased blood volume

maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

large particles that are normally too large to filter through the glomerular capillary walls

A

red blood cells
albumin
proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normal glomerular filtration rate

A

averages 125 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GFR is controlled by:

A

blood pressure and blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

afferent arteriole

-what does it do

pg 1469

A

delivers arterial blood from the branches of the renal artery into the glomerulus

augoregulation of renal blood flow via vasoconstriction or vasodilation

renin-producing granular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

efferent arteriole

-what does it do

pg 1469

A

delivers arterial blood from the glomerulus into the peritubular capillaries or the vasa recta

auto regulation of renal blood flow via vasoconstriction or vasodilation

renin-producing granular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chart on 1471

Renin action

A

raises blood pressure as result of angiotensin (local vasoconstriction) and aldosterone (volume expansion) secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chart on 1471

prostaglandins action

A

regulate infrarenal blood flow by vasodilation or vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chart on 1471

bradykinin action

A

increases blood flow (vasodilation) and vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chart on 1471

erythropoietin action

A

stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chart on 1471

activated vitamin D action

A

promotes absorption of calcium in the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chart on 1471

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) action

A

makes DCT and CD permeable to water to maximize reabsorption and produce a concentrated urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chart on 1471

aldosterone action

A

promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in DCT and CD; water and chloride follow sodium movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chart on 1471

natriuretic hormone action

A

cause tubular secretion of sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

changes in renal/urinary system related to aging
Decreased GFR - nursing interventions

pg 1473

A
  • Decreased GFR
  • -monitor hydration status (ability of kidneys to regulate water balance is decreased
  • -ensure adequate fluid intake (kidneys less able to conserve water
  • -administer nephrotoxic agents or drugs carefully (dehydration results in decreased renal blood flow and increase toxicity potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

changes in renal/urinary system related to aging
nocturia - nursing interventions

g 1473

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ensure adequate nighttime lighting and hazard free environment
  • ensure ability of toilet, bedpan, urinal
  • discourage fluid intake 2-4 hr before bedtime
22
Q

changes in renal/urinary system related to aging
weakened urinary sphincter muscles and shortened urethra in women

pg 1473

Study These Flashcards
A

provide thorough peri care after each voiding

23
Q

changes in renal/urinary system related to aging

Study These Flashcards
A 
decreased GFR
nocturia
decreased bladder capacity
weakened urinary sphincter muscles
shortened urethra in women
tendency to retain urine
24
Q

anuria

Study These Flashcards
A

total urine output less than 100 mL/24 hr

25
azotemia
increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels suggestive of kidney impairment but without outward symptoms of kidney failure
26
dysuria
discomfort or pain associated with urination
27
oliguria
decreased urine output; total urine output 100-400 mL/24 hr
28
polyuria
increased urine output; total urine output usually greater than 2000 mL/24 hr
29
Serum creatinine - range - significance of increase or decrease
0.5-1.2 increase: indicates kidney impairment decrease: may be caused by a decreased muscle mass males 0.6-1.2 females 0.5-1.1 older adults may be decreased
30
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) -range
10-20 older adults: 8-23 (even up to 31 when over 90yrs)
31
BUN significance of an increase
increased may indicate HEPATIC, RENAL, dehydration, decreased kidney perfusion, high protein diet, infection, stress, steroid use, GI bleeding
32
BUN:creatinine ratio
12:1 to 20:1
33
BUN significance of a decrease
may indicate malnutrition, fluid volume excess, severe hepatic damage
34
BUN/creatinine ratio significance of increased ratio
fluid volume deficit, obstructive uropathy, catabolic state, high protein diet
35
BUN/creatinine ratio significance of decreased ratio
fluid volume excess | acute renal tubular acidosis
36
significance of brown urine pg 1478
blood or increased urinary bilirubin level
37
specific gravity of urine
1.003-1.030
38
significance of increased urine specific gravity
decreased kidney perfusion, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, or CHF
39
significance of decreased urine specific gravity
chronic kidney disease, diabetes insipid, malignant HTN, diuretic administration, lithium toxicity
40
urine pH range
4.6-8 | average of 6
41
when are ketones present in urine
reflect incomplete metabolism of fatty acids, like in DKA, prolonged fasting, anorexia nervosa
42
24 hr urine collection range for creatinine why it would be increased/decreased pg 1481
0.8-2 decreased amounts indicate deterioration of kidney function caused by kidney disease increased amounts occur with infections, exercise, DM, and meat meals
43
24 hr urine collection range for urea nitrogen why it would be increased/decreased pg 1481
12-20 decreased occur when there is kidney damage or liver disease increased amounts result form high protein diet, dehydration, trauma, sepsis
44
24 hr urine collection range for sodium why it would be increased/decreased pg 1481
40-220 decreased amounts are seen in hemorrhage, shock, hyperaldosteronism, pre renal acute kidney injury increased amounts are seen with diuretic therapy, excessive salt intake, hypokalemia, acute tubular necrosis
45
24 hr urine collection range for chloride why it would be increased/decreased pg 1481
110-250 decreased amounts are seen n kidney diseases, malabsorption syndrome, pyloric obstruction, prolonged NG tube drainage, diarrhea, diaphoresis, HF, emphysema increased amounts are seen with hypokalemia, adrenal insufficiency, massive diuresis
46
24 hr urine collection range for calcium why it would be increased/decreased pg 1481
100-400 decreased amounts are often associated with hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, nephrosis, nephritis increased amounts seen with calcium kidney stones, hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, certain cancers, immobilization, hypercalcemia
47
24 hr urine collection range for protein why it would be increased pg 1481
indicate glomerular disease, nephritic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, urinary tract malignancies, irritations
48
average urine osmolarity
300-900
49
questions to ask pt about to undergo a test using contrast medium pg 1484
ever had reaction to contrast medium Hx of asthma allergies to seafood, shellfish, iodine, eggs, milk, chocolate assess BP, HR, RR, mucous membranes, skin turgor, urine concentration taking metformin (should be discontinued for 48 hr to prevent lactic acidosis) any kidney impairment (diabetic nephropathy, class 4 HF, dehydration, cirrhosis, on drugs like ahminoglycosides or NSAIDs)
50
When caring for a client with uremia, the nurse assesses for which symptom evolve
Manifestations of uremia include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and fatigue.
51
A client has returned from a captopril renal scan. Which teaching does the nurse provide when the client returns? evolve
Arise slowly and call for assistance when ambulating Captopril can cause severe hypotension during and after the procedure, so the client should be warned to avoid rapid position changes and about the risk for falling as a result of orthostatic (positional) hypotension.

Renal (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions