Assessment Of The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Body’s central framework
A
Skeletal System
2
Q
Makes up the skeletal system
A
Bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
3
Q
How many bones in adult body
A
206
4
Q
5 functions of bones
A
- Structure
- Protection
- Acts as levers
- Produce RBC’s
- Stores calcium
5
Q
Organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles
A
Muscular System
6
Q
Permits movement of the body, maintain posture, and circulates blood throughout the body
A
Muscular System
7
Q
How many muscles in the body
A
650
8
Q
2 functions of muscles
A
- Allow for movement and position
- Produce heat
9
Q
Point of articulation of two bones; provides range of motion
A
Joints
10
Q
Bone to bone
A
Ligaments
11
Q
Connect muscle to bone
A
Tendon
12
Q
Supports and shapes, acts as a shock absorber
A
Cartilage
13
Q
Sacs filled with synovial fluid inside, cushion and reduces friction between joints
A
Bursae
14
Q
Joint that permits rotation in one axis
A
Pivot
15
Q
Supinates, pronates, rotates
A
Pivot
16
Q
Allows movement in one axis
A
Hinge
17
Q
Flexion, extension
A
Hinge
18
Q
Joint that permits movement in two axes, also known as “egg and spoon joint”; with long diameter of oval and short diameter of oval serving as axes
A
Condyloid
19
Q
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
A
Condyloid
20
Q
Moves across many possible axes, ex. Hip and shoulder joint
A
Ball and socket joint
21
Q
Flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction
A
Ball and socket joint
22
Q
Moves across many surface, articular surface are flat and bones rides over the other in many directions (limited in many directions)
A
Plane/gliding
23
Q
Has 2 axes like condyloid, articular surface are saddle shaped, moves in similar fashion to condyloid joint
A
Saddle joint
24
Q
Abduction, adduction, opposition, and reposition
A
Saddle
25
Normal/abnormal findings in musculoskeletal system assessment
1. Symmetry/asymmetry
2. Skin color and appearance
3. Rash
4. Ulcers
5. Lack of sweating
6. Hair abnormalities
7. Warmth and heat
8. Swelling including effusions, nodules
9. Inflammatory findings like synovial and periarticular thickening
26
Usually associated with movement
Cramping or soreness
Muscle pain
27
Fracture
Deep, dull, and throbbing
Bone pain
28
Joint pain and stiffness are worse in the morning
Rheumatoid Arthritis
29
Joints are stiff after rest and pain is worse at the end of the day
Osteoarthritis
30
Migrates from muscle or to groups of muscle
Muscle weakness
31
Can help identify the disease process responsible for weakness
Known symptom patterns
32
Is usually a myopathy
Proximal weakness
33
Usually a neuropathy
Distal weakness
34
Difficulty lifting objects or combing hair
Proximal weakness of upper extremities
35
Difficulty with walking or crossing the knees
Proximal weakness of lower extremities
36
Difficulty in dressing or turning the knob
Distal weakness of the upper extremities
37
Common musculoskeletal complaint
Stiffness
38
- indicate a neurological problem
- manifest as gait problems or difficulty in ADL
- falling or losing balance
Balance and Coordination problems
39
Irregular and uncoordinated voluntary movements
Ataxia
40
- a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems.
- becomes noticeable in mid-adult life
- most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements (chorea)
Huntington’s disease
41
Abnormal involuntary writhing movements
Chorea
42
- rigid stooped posture with head leaning forward and arms, knees, and hips stiffly flexed
- rapid, short, shuffling steps
- cause; Parkison’s disease
Propulsive gait
43
- bilateral spastic paresis of legs; arms not involved
- legs flexed at hips and knees
- knees adduct and meet or cross like scissors
Causes: cerebral palasy, ms, spinal cord tumors
Scissors gait
44
Unilaterally stiff, dragging leg from leg, muscle hypertonicity
Spastic gait (hemiplegic)
45
Abnormal gait caused by stoke, MS, brain tumor
Spastic gait
46
Abnormal gait caused by parkinson’s disease
Propulsive gait
47
Abnormal gait caused by cerebral palsy, MS, spinal cord tumors
Scissors gait
48
- duck like walk with a wide base of support, chest thrown back, exaggerated lumbar curve, and protruding abdomen
- normal in toddlers and late sign of pregnancy
- weak pelvic girdle muscles (gluteus medius, hip flexors, and extensors
Waddling gait
49
- foot drop with external rotation of the hip, and hip and knee flexion
- foot slaps when it hits the ground
Steppage gait
50
Abnormal gait caused by: MS, perineal muscle atrophy, or nerve damage
Steppage gait
51
5 abnormal gaits
1. Propulsive gait
2. Scissors gait
3. Spastic gait
4. Waddling gate
5. Steppage gait
52
Equine, prancing, paretic, or weak
Steppage gait
53
Normal spinal curve
Cervical - concave
Thoracic - convex
Lumbar- concave
Sacral - convex
54
Accentuated thoracic curve
Kyphosis
55
Dowager’s hump
Senile kyphosis
56
Lateral “S” spinal deviation
Scoliosis
57
Accentuated lumbar curve
Lordosis
58
- plantar flexion of the foot with toes bent
- characteristic sign of certain peripheral nerve or motor neuron disorder
- results from the weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscles of the foot and ankle
- may also stem from prolonged immobility
Footdrop
59
Where is muscle spasm most common
Calf and foot
60
- strong painful contractions
- most common in calf and foot
- muscle fatigue, exercise, electrolyte imbalances, neuromuscular disorder, and pregnancy
Muscle spams (cramps)
61
- muscle wasting
- degeneration or prolonged muscle disuse
- occur with aging
Muscle atrophy
62
- crunching or grating sound you can hear or feel a joint with a rough articular surface moves
- RA, Osteoarthritis, fracture
Crepitus
63
Excessive muscle size
Unexplained muscle hypertrophy
64
- Atony
- lack of muscle tone or stiffness
Flaccidity
65
Weakness
Hypotonicity
66
Involuntary twitching of muscle fibers
Fasciculation
67
Involuntary contractions of muscles
Termors
68
Musculoskeletal injury is described in 5ps:
Pain, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor, pulse
69
Refers to location , severity, and quality
Pain
70
Refers to loss of sensation
Paresthesia
71
Inability to move maybe caused by tendon or nerve damage
Paralysis
72
Paleness, discoloration, and coolness
Pallor
73
Distal to the site of injury
Pulse
74
- autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the joints
- swollen, stiff, tender joints
- more common in woman
- most serious and disabling
Rheumatoid Arthritis
75
2 deformities in chronic RA
- boutonniere deformity
- swan neck deformity
76
- deformities and nodules of the hands
- hereditary metabolic disorder with hyperuricemia in the joints
- men than woman
- controlled by medications and diet
Gouty Arthritis
77
- DJD (degenerative joint disease)
- deterioration of bone cartilage in the joint, leading to pain and limited movement
- “wear” and “tear” arthritis
Osteoarthritis
78
Hard, painless, nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints
Herbenden’s nodes
79
Nodes that are proximal in OR
Bouchard’s nodes
80
- symptom of Systemic Lupus Erymatosus
- symptoms include, fever, joint pain, butterfly shaped rash on the face
Lupus Arthritis
81
- type of arthritis that affects some people with the skin condition psoriasis
- causes affected joints to become swollen, stiff, and painful
Psoriatic Arthritis
82
- often on the medial side, may present laterally deviate great toe with overlapping of the second toe
Hallux valgus
83
Enlarged painful, inflamed bursa
Bunion
84
Hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint
Hammer toe
85
Painfully thickened skin over bony prominences and pressure points
Corns
86
Painless thickened skin over pressure points
Callus
87
Round, enlarged, fluid filled cyst (dorsal side of the wrist)
Non tender but maybe painful near tendon sheath
Ganglion
