Assessment Quiz 2

Question 1

What can the assessment of the Integument Reveal?

Answer 1

Acute Infections, Chronic Infections, presence and status of acute or chronic disease of integument, and chronological age

Question 2

What are the primary assessment tools in Integument?

Answer 2

Inspection and palpation

Question 3

The Integument includes which areas?

Answer 3

Hair, skin, and nails

Question 4

What should you inspect in the nails?

Answer 4

The color of the nail beds, length, symmetry, shape of nail plate and surface, and surface texture

Question 5

What does yellow nails indicate?

Answer 5

psoriasis, fungal infection, chronic respiratory disease or tobacco use

Question 6

What does darkened nails indicate?

Answer 6

Trauma

Question 7

What does blue nails indicate?

Answer 7

acute cyanosis

Question 8

Deviations of normal nail plates could be due to what?

Answer 8

infection, chronic hypoxia, trauma, or genetic

Question 9

What is clubbing of the nail?

Answer 9

abnormal nail base angle caused by hypoxia

Question 10

What is koilonychia and what is it caused by?

Answer 10

spoon shaped nails caused by severe chronic iron deficiency anemia and hypothyroidism

Question 11

What is the difference between Paronychia and Onychomycosis?

Answer 11

Paronychia= bacterial infection of tissue surrounding nails and Onychomycosis = fungal infection of the nail bed

Question 12

What do you inspect and palpate in a Hair Assessment?

Answer 12

texture, quantity, and distribution

Question 13

What are the genital hair distributions for men vs. women?

Answer 13

Men- diamond Women - triangular shaped

Question 14

What is the difference between Local and Universal Alopecia?

Answer 14

Local - small areas of scalp & universal- total body hair loss

Question 15

What are the normal male pattern baldness?

Answer 15

thinning at the vertex and the temples

Question 16

During a scalp assessment, what do you look for? And what should the scalp be?

Answer 16

Palpate for lesions, sebaceous cyst or lice? Scalp should be smooth and nontender

Question 17

What are the normal states of skin for newborns, infants/children, adolescents, adults, pregnancy, and elderly?

Answer 17

Newborn- little fat Infant/Children- ^ layers of adipose Adolescents - rapid growth, striae (stretch marks), & acne Adults- silver striae, lines on face after 30, hair thins, fat accumulates Pregnancy- increase melanin, hair and nails thicken, red striae, breast larger (post - silver striae & breast deflate) Elderly- hair thin on head & genitals, gray, skin sag, skin pale, brown spoons, dry skin, sweat less.

Question 18

What are the subjective areas of a skin assessment?

Answer 18

age, history of skin changes, past medical history, onset (acute vs. chronic), recurrence, associated symptoms, location, travel ( env. Exposure to toxins, drugs, ect.)

Question 19

What are the objective assessments of skin?

Answer 19

Color (pallor, erythema, jaundice, cyanosis, distribution), turgor, temp, moisture, texture, mobility, and lesions

Question 20

What are is the difference between a primary and secondary lesion?

Answer 20

Initial - spontaneous eruption Secondary- occurs after primary lesion

Question 21

What are the associated symptoms with lesions?

Answer 21

Fever, nausea, and vomiting

Question 22

What do you inspect in a lesion assessment?

Answer 22

pigmentation/color, pattern, anatomical location, and distribution (surfaces, skin folds, peripheral or central)

Question 23

What are macular lesions?

Answer 23

flat colored lesions, such as freckles, measles, and drug rash

Question 24

What is a papular rash?

Answer 24

elevated above skin surface, can be firm or filled with solid material

Question 25

What is a maculopapular rash?

Answer 25

combo of papules and macular rash. Red diffuse rash w/ filled papules and crusts

Question 26

What is a vesicular rash?

Answer 26

Fluid filled rash that may or may not have erythema. Lesion < 1 cm Bulla > 1 cm. May be clustered in specific pattern or solitary

Question 27

What are patches?

Answer 27

flat, non-palpable, irregular shaped. May be hyper or hypo-pigmented

Question 28

What are examples of patches?

Answer 28

Psoriasis and vialigo

Question 29

What is a wheal?

Answer 29

elevated irregular accumulation of subcutaneous edema. Ex. Insect sting & drug rxn.

Question 30

What is a nodule?

Answer 30

elevated, firm, lesion originating lower in the dermis

Question 31

What is a tumor?

Answer 31

solid, elevated lesion > 2 cm

Question 32

What is a cyst?

Answer 32

Elevated encapsulated lesion in dermis or epidermis. Filled with fluid or semisolid material

Question 33

What is excoriation?

Answer 33

scratching

Question 34

What is a fissure?

Answer 34

linear scratch

Question 35

What is an erosion?

Answer 35

loss of part of dermis, may follow rupture of vesicle or bulla

Question 36

What is an ulcer?

Answer 36

loss of dermis, concave, varies in size

Question 37

What are common sites of pressure ulcers?

Answer 37

sacrum, hip socket, boney prominence of shoulders, heels, posterior region of head

Question 38

What are the stages of pressure ulcers?

Answer 38

1 - skin only 2 skin & subcutaneous 3 skin, subcutaneous & soft tissue 4 skin, subc, soft tissue, & bone.

Question 39

What is the most common complaint in HEENT?

Answer 39

Headache

Question 40

What is a common eye infection of the peds and elderly pop?

Answer 40

Conjunctivitis- inflammation or infection of conjunctive. Caused by virus, bacteria, allergies, and irritants.

Question 41

To asses the visual acuity test, what do you use and what does it tell you?

Answer 41

Snellen Eye chart. Distance at which normal eye can read the line of letter.

Question 42

What does 20/200 mean?

Answer 42

Legal Blindness. Can read print at 20 feet what the normal eye can read at 200 feet

Question 43

What does a deviation of the corneal reflection test indicate?

Answer 43

muscular problems in eye b/c should be symmetrical

Question 44

What is the problem if red reflex does not show red?

Answer 44

can be due to cataracts or retinoblastoma in neonates

Question 45

What is strabismus?

Answer 45

Misalignment of the eye. Can cause visual disturbance.

Question 46

What is esotropia?

Answer 46

inward

Question 47

What is exotropia?

Answer 47

outward

Question 48

What should you insect for in external ear exam?

Answer 48

Inspect auricle, deformities, lump, lesions or discharge.

Question 49

What are some internal ear abbormalities?

Answer 49

perforation of eardrum (holes in eardrum, some discharge), serouse effusion (resp. infection/sudden changes in pressure) , acute otitis media (bact. Infection earache, fever, hearing loss)

Question 50

What part of the ear is assoc. with conductive hearing loss?

Answer 50

external or middle ear. Caused by foreign body.

Question 51

What part of the ear is assoc. with sensorineural loss?

Answer 51

inner ear disorder. Caused by loud noises, trauma, aging.

Question 52

RinneTest- what is abdnormals?

Answer 52

Conductive BC>AC Sensorineural AC>BC

Question 53

What is the diff between the rhinne and weber test?

Answer 53

Weber is on the head, Rinne is behind and infront of the ear.

Question 54

What internal structures do you look for in the nose and sinus?

Answer 54

mucosa, terbinates, purulent discharges. ..Palpate for pain or tenderness.

Question 55

Why is the gag reflex important for eldery & newborn?

Answer 55

Shows difficulty of swallowoing? Stroke

Question 56

What are some oral abnormalites?

Answer 56

inflamation, infection, white patches, white or reddended areas, nodules or ulcerations

Question 57

Abnormal lymph node findings are common in

Answer 57

acute bacterial or viral infections, and in chronic inflammatory disorders

Question 58

What are the abnormal findings of the thyroid?

Answer 58

abdnormal size, shape, consistnecny, nodules or tenderness.